Articles

The Use of Global Positioning and Accelerometer Systems in Age-Grade and Senior Rugby Union: A Systematic Review

Global positioning systems (GPS) imbedded with accelerometer systems (AS) are used in rugby union (RU) to collect information on absolute and relative distances, distances in different speed zones, high-speed ...

Authors: Lee A. Bridgeman and Nicholas D. Gill

Prospective Observational Study of Weight-based Assessment of Sodium Supplements on Ultramarathon Performance (WASSUP)

Sodium supplements are ubiquitous in endurance running, but their impact on performance has been subjected to much debate. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of sodium supplementation as a wei...

Authors: Grant S. Lipman, Tamara Hew-Butler, Caleb Phillips, Brian Krabak and Patrick Burns

Diagnostic Utility of New SCAT5 Neurological Screen Sub-tests

The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is recommended to screen for concussion following head impact events in elite sport. The most recent 5th edition (SCAT5) included a ‘rapid neurological screen’ whic...

Authors: Gordon Ward Fuller, John Miles, Ross Tucker, Marc Douglas, Martin Raftery, Eanna Falvey and Prabhat Mathema

It’s Time to Change Direction on Agility Research: a Call to Action

Agility is an important skill for both attackers and defenders in invasion sports such as codes of football. On the sporting field, agility requires reacting to a stimulus, often presented by an opponent’s mov...

Authors: Warren Young, Russell Rayner and Scott Talpey

The Feasibility of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness Syndrome Following Long-Term Invasive Ventilation

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndrome (ICUAWS) can be a consequence of long-term mechanical ventilation. Despite recommendations of early patient mobilisation, little is known about the feasibility, s...

Authors: Simon Wernhart, Jürgen Hedderich, Svenja Wunderlich, Kunigunde Schauerte, Eberhard Weihe, Dominic Dellweg and Karsten Siemon

Eccentric Strength Assessment of Hamstring Muscles with New Technologies: a Systematic Review of Current Methods and Clinical Implications

Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the ...

Authors: João Gustavo Claudino, Carlos Alberto Cardoso Filho, Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt, Luiz Gilherme Gonçalves, Crislaine Rangel Couto, Roberto Chiari Quintão, Guilherme Fialho Reis, Otaviano de Oliveira Júnior, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Daniel Boullosa and Júlio Cerca Serrão

The Effect of Consuming Carbohydrate With and Without Protein on the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Re-synthesis During Short-Term Post-exercise Recovery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Rapid restoration of muscle glycogen stores is imperative for athletes undertaking consecutive strenuous exercise sessions with limited recovery time (e.g. ≤ 8 h). Strategies to optimise muscle glycogen re-syn...

Authors: Jonathan Craven, Ben Desbrow, Surendran Sabapathy, Phillip Bellinger, Danielle McCartney and Christopher Irwin

Screening of Potential Stress Biomarkers in Sweat Associated with Sports Training

Intense and continuous physical training in sports is related with psychological and physiological stress, affecting the health and well-being of athletes. The development of non-invasive sampling methodologie...

Authors: Maria João Nunes, Cristina M. Cordas, José J. G. Moura, João Paulo Noronha and Luís Cobra Branco

Effects of Lumbar Spine Abnormality and Serve Types on Lumbar Kinematics in Elite Adolescent Tennis Players

Low back pain (LBP) is pervasive among elite junior tennis players. Previous research has explored the relationship between serving mechanics and LBP, though the participants in these studies had already exper...

Authors: Molly Connolly, Kane Middleton, Graeme Spence, Olivia Cant and Machar Reid

The Association Between Training Load and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Soccer Players: a Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis

Injury risk in elite youth soccer players is high. Implementing an optimal training load is of utmost importance to reduce the risk of injuries.

Authors: Sven Verstappen, Rogier M. van Rijn, Rick Cost and Janine H. Stubbe

Test Re-test Reliability of Single and Multijoint Strength Properties in Female Australian Footballers

To examine the test re-test reliability of isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of hip adduction (ADD_ISO), hip abduction (ABD_ISO), and multijoint leg extension (SQUAT_ISO) in sub-elite female Australian ...

Authors: Daniel Kadlec, Matthew J. Jordan, Leanne Snyder, Jacqueline Alderson and Sophia Nimphius

Doping practices in international weightlifting: analysis of sanctioned athletes/support personnel from 2008 to 2019 and retesting of samples from the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games

The pervasiveness of doping and findings of anti-doping corruption threaten weightlifting’s position at the 2024 Olympic Games. Analysing the practices of doping in weightlifters could identify patterns in dop...

Authors: Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Brian Oliver, Giscard Lima, John P. Mills, Guan Wang, Yannis Pitsiladis and Fergus M. Guppy

Injuries in Netball-A Systematic Review

Netball is estimated to be played by more than 20 million people worldwide, but there is evidence of high injury incidence. A thorough understanding of the types and rates of netball injuries is essential for ...

Authors: Christopher Downs, Suzanne J. Snodgrass, Ishanka Weerasekara, Sarah R. Valkenborghs and Robin Callister

The Surfer’s Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Current Literature and Potential Pathophysiological Explanations of Chronic Shoulder Complaints in Wave Surfers

Wave surfing will debut in the next Olympic Games and is increasingly popular as a sport. Chronic shoulder complaints are frequently reported amongst surfers, though literature researching its pathophysiology ...

Authors: Lisette Charlotte Langenberg, Guilherme Vieira Lima, Sebastiaan Emanuel Heitkamp, Floortje Lutgart Arnoldus Maria Kemps, Matthew Simon Jones, Miguel António de Almeida Garcia Moreira and Denise Eygendaal

Factors Influencing the Association Between Coach and Athlete Rating of Exertion: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Subjective monitoring of rate of perceived exertion is common practice in many sports. Typically, the information is used to understand the training load and at times modify forthcoming sessions. Identifying t...

Authors: Darren Paul, Paul Read, Abdulaziz Farooq and Luke Jones

Correction to: Biological determinants of physical activity across the life course: a “Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity” (DEDIPAC) umbrella systematic literature review

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Katina Aleksovska, Anna Puggina, Luca Giraldi, Christoph Buck, Con Burns, Greet Cardon, Angela Carlin, Simon Chantal, Donatella Ciarapica, Marco Colotto, Giancarlo Condello, Tara Coppinger, Cristina Cortis, Sara D’Haese, Marieke De Craemer, Andrea Di Blasio…

Androgen deprivation in prostate cancer: benefits of home-based resistance training

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has detrimental effects on body composition, metabolic health, physical functioning, bone mineral density (BMD) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men with prostat...

Authors: Teresa Lam, Birinder Cheema, Amy Hayden, Stephen R. Lord, Howard Gurney, Shivanjini Gounden, Navneeta Reddy, Haleh Shahidipour, Scott Read, Glenn Stone, Mark McLean and Vita Birzniece

Recurrent and Subsequent Injuries in Professional and Elite Sport: a Systematic Review

Injury surveillance in professional sport categorises injuries as either “new” or “recurrent”. In an attempt to make categorisation more specific, subsequent injury categorisation models have been developed, b...

Authors: Charlotte Leah Bitchell, Jo Varley-Campbell, Gemma Robinson, Victoria Stiles, Prabhat Mathema and Isabel Sarah Moore

Lumbar spine abnormalities and facet joint angles in asymptomatic elite junior tennis players

Lumbar spine abnormalities, in particular stress fractures to the pars interarticularis, are common in elite junior tennis players, though the difference in prevalence between males and females remains unclear...

Authors: Molly Connolly, Andrew H. Rotstein, Justin Roebert, Rafal Grabinski, Frank Malara, Tomas O’Shea, Tim Wood, Melanie Omizzolo, Stephanie Kovalchik and Machar Reid

Performance Effects with Injury Prevention Exercise Programmes in Male Youth Football Players: A Randomised Trial Comparing Two Interventions

Increased performance from injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) may affect injury risks positively and support the implementation of IPEPs. The primary aim was to study the performance effects of inju...

Authors: Hanna Lindblom, Markus Waldén and Martin Hägglund

Specialist Coaching Integrated into a Department of Methodology in Team Sports Organisations

With increasing resources in sports organisations being allocated to the development and preparation of individual athletes and sub-groups with specialist performance roles, the work of coaches, specialist (ro...

Authors: Fabian W. Otte, Martyn Rothwell, Carl Woods and Keith Davids

The Effects of Anticipation and Visual and Sensory Performance on Concussion Risk in Sport: A Review

Sports-related concussions pose a significant public health concern, and preventative measures are needed to help reduce risk in sport. Vision training could be a suitable prevention strategy for sports-relate...

Authors: Stacey M. Kung, Titus K. Suksreephaisan, Blake G. Perry, Barry R. Palmer and Rachel A. Page

Biomechanical Determinants of Knee Joint Loads Associated with Increased Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting: A Systematic Review and Technical Framework

Cutting actions are associated with non-contact ACL injuries in multidirectional sports due to the propensity to generate large multiplanar knee joint loads (KJLs) that have the capacity to increase ACL loadin...

Authors: Thomas A. Donelon, Thomas Dos’Santos, Guy Pitchers, Mathew Brown and Paul A. Jones

‘Knowing as we go’: a Hunter-Gatherer Behavioural Model to Guide Innovation in Sport Science

Where do novel and innovative ideas in sport science come from? How do researchers and practitioners collectively explore the dynamic landscape of inquiry, problem, solution and application? How do they learn ...

Authors: Carl T. Woods, Sam Robertson, James Rudd, Duarte Araújo and Keith Davids

Wayfinding: How Ecological Perspectives of Navigating Dynamic Environments Can Enrich Our Understanding of the Learner and the Learning Process in Sport

Wayfinding is the process of embarking upon a purposeful, intentional, and self-regulated journey that takes an individual from an intended region in one landscape to another. This process is facilitated throu...

Authors: Carl T. Woods, James Rudd, Sam Robertson and Keith Davids

Correction to: Quantifying the Collision Dose in Rugby League: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Critical Analysis

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Mitchell Naughton, Ben Jones, Sharief Hendricks, Doug King, Aron Murphy and Cloe Cummins

Physical Activity Behavior from a Transdisciplinary Biopsychosocial Perspective: a Scoping Review

Physical activity behavior is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. For its analysis, transdisciplinary biopsychosocial approaches yield great potential. In health research, the biopsychosocial model has ...

Authors: Jannika M. John, Vanessa Haug and Ansgar Thiel

Relative Age Effects in Male Japanese Professional Athletes: a 25-Year Historical Analysis

The mechanisms underlying the relative age effect (RAE), a biased distribution of birth dates, in sport events have been investigated for more than two decades. The present study comprised an historical analys...

Authors: Nao Sasano, Yoichi Katsumata and Hiroki Nakata

Can Physical Activity While Sedentary Produce Health Benefits? A Single-Arm Randomized Trial

Sedentary time poses a risk to health. Substituting physical activity for inactivity is obvious but this requires a behavior change. Interventions advocated to decrease uninterrupted physical inactivity (defin...

Authors: Marvin A. Sackner, Jose R. Lopez, Veronica Banderas and Jose A. Adams

Reducing Injuries in Soccer (Football): an Umbrella Review of Best Evidence Across the Epidemiological Framework for Prevention

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Expectedly, the incidence of soccer-related injuries is high and these injuries exert a significant burden on individuals and families, including health and finan...

Authors: Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye, Mitchell J. VanderWey and Ian Pike

The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review

Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investig...

Authors: Jessica B. Farley, Lily M. Barrett, Justin W. L. Keogh, Carl T. Woods and Nikki Milne

Reasons for and Consequences of Low Energy Availability in Female and Male Athletes: Social Environment, Adaptations, and Prevention

Low energy availability (LEA) represents a state in which the body does not have enough energy left to support all physiological functions needed to maintain optimal health. When compared to the normal populat...

Authors: Paulina Wasserfurth, Jana Palmowski, Andreas Hahn and Karsten Krüger

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Heart Rate Recovery in Small-Sided Games and Endurance Performance in Male, Semi-professional Soccer Players

The ability to recover in the shortest possible time plays an important role especially in intermittent sports such as soccer. Evidence suggests that a well-developed endurance performance has positive effects...

Authors: Lars Reinhardt, Stephan Schulze, Eduard Kurz and René Schwesig

Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA. Therefore, it is important to review the contribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to skin cancer in individuals with the highest risk. Documenting ...

Authors: Alan Snyder, Manuel Valdebran, David Terrero, Kyle T. Amber and Kristen M. Kelly

United States Under-19 Rugby-7s: Incidence and Nature of Match Injuries During a 5-year Epidemiological Study

There is a lack of injury data for the new Olympic sport of Rugby-7s, particularly for involved youth.

Authors: Victor Lopez Jr, Richard Ma, Meryle G. Weinstein, Patria A. Hume, Robert C. Cantu, Christian Victoria, Sophie C. Queler, Khalil J. A. Webb and Answorth A. Allen

Muscle-strengthening Exercise Epidemiology: a New Frontier in Chronic Disease Prevention

This current opinion provides an overview of the emerging discipline of muscle-strengthening exercise epidemiology. First, we define muscle-strengthening exercise, and discuss its recent addition into the glob...

Authors: Jason A. Bennie, Jane Shakespear-Druery and Katrien De Cocker

The Influence of Exercise-Induced Fatigue on Inter-Limb Asymmetries: a Systematic Review

Non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament ruptures often occur during physical load toward the end of a match. This is ascribed to emerging processes due to exercise-induced fatigue. Moreover, no...

Authors: Jessica Heil, Florian Loffing and Dirk Büsch

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

Overtraining syndrome, caused by prolonged excessive stress, results in reduced performance and cortisol responsiveness in athletes. It is necessary to collect saliva samples sequentially within circadian rhyt...

Authors: Kazumi Ushiki, Katsuhiko Tsunekawa, Yoshifumi Shoho, Larasati Martha, Hirotaka Ishigaki, Ryutaro Matsumoto, Yoshimaro Yanagawa, Asuka Nakazawa, Akihiro Yoshida, Kiyomi Nakajima, Osamu Araki, Takao Kimura and Masami Murakami

The effect of exercise on baseline SCAT5 performance in male professional Rugby players

Rugby Union requires annual baseline testing using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT5) as part of its head injury assessment protocols. Scores achieved during baseline testing are used to guide retur...

Authors: Ross Tucker, James Brown, Eanna Falvey, Gordon Fuller and Martin Raftery

Theory to Practice: Performance Preparation Models in Contemporary High-Level Sport Guided by an Ecological Dynamics Framework

A fundamental challenge for practitioners in high-level sporting environments concerns how to support athletes in adapting behaviours to solve emergent problems during competitive performance. Guided by an eco...

Authors: Carl T. Woods, Ian McKeown, Mark O’Sullivan, Sam Robertson and Keith Davids

Collateral Health Issues Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic

Authors: Borja Muniz-Pardos, Jonathan Shurlock, Andre Debruyne, Juergen M. Steinacker, Mats Börjesson, Bernd Wolfarth, James L. J. Bilzon, Herbert Löllgen, Anca Ionescu, Petra Zupet, Michiko Dohi, Jeroen Swart, Victoriya Badtieva, Irina Zelenkova, Maurizio Casasco, Michael Geistlinger…

Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Responses to Training in Adolescent Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Several studies have highlighted the substantial role of the athlete’s redox and inflammation status during the training process. However, many factors such as differences in testing protocols, assays, sample ...

Authors: Evdokia Varamenti, David Tod and Samuel A. Pullinger

Reliability of a Robotic Knee Testing Tool to Assess Rotational Stability of the Knee Joint in Healthy Female and Male Volunteers

Several clinical tests exist to assess knee laxity. Although these assessments are the predominant tools of diagnosis, they are subjective and rely on the experience of the clinician. The robotic knee testing ...

Authors: Samantha Beckley, Shaun Stinton, Maia Lesosky, Alison September, Malcolm Collins, Thomas Branch and Mike Posthumus

The Influence, Barriers to and Facilitators of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rehabilitation Adherence and Participation: a Scoping Review

Outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are considered poor. There are many factors which may influence patient outcomes. As such, the purpose of this review was to report on the inf...

Authors: Adam Walker, Wayne Hing and Anna Lorimer

Test–Retest Reliability of the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Strength Assessment: a Systematic Review

The test–retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test varies across different studies. Given the inconsistent findings, it is unclear what the true reliability of the 1RM test is, and to what ex...

Authors: Jozo Grgic, Bruno Lazinica, Brad J. Schoenfeld and Zeljko Pedisic

The Impact of Health Consciousness on the Association Between Walking Durations and Mental Health Conditions After a Disaster: a Cross-Sectional Study

In communities affected by a disaster, walking can be a feasible form of physical exercise to improve physical and mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence to support relationships between ...

Authors: Yusuke Utsumi, Harumi Nemoto, Naoki Nakaya, Tomohiro Nakamura, Naho Tsuchiya, Akira Narita, Mana Kogure, Tomomi Suzuki, Moe Seto, Mitsuaki Katayanagi, Junko Okuyama, Atsushi Sakuma, Nami Honda, Yumi Sugawara, Halley Kaye-Kauderer, Yuta Takahashi…

Should Heartbeats/Training Session Be Considered When Comparing the Cardiovascular Benefits of High-Intensity Interval Aerobic and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training? A Critical Appraisal

The prescription of physical training as a therapeutic measure in the treatment and control of chronic degenerative diseases, mainly cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease, is an increasingly used clinic...

Authors: Jhennyfer Aline Lima Rodrigues, Stella Vieira Philbois, Tábata de Paula Facioli, Ada Clarice Gastaldi and Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza

Training or Synergizing? Complex Systems Principles Change the Understanding of Sport Processes

There is a need to update scientific assumptions in sport to promote the critical thinking of scientists, coaches, and practitioners and improve their methodological decisions. On the basis of complex systems ...

Authors: Rafel Pol, Natàlia Balagué, Angel Ric, Carlota Torrents, John Kiely and Robert Hristovski

Cannabidiol and Sports Performance: a Narrative Review of Relevant Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa. CBD initially drew scientific interest due to its anticonvulsant properties but increasing evidence of other therapeutic effects h...

Authors: Danielle McCartney, Melissa J. Benson, Ben Desbrow, Christopher Irwin, Anastasia Suraev and Iain S. McGregor

Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship

Training load and adequate recovery have been identified as essential elements to improve well-being and performance in team sports and avoid non-functional overreaching and overtraining.

Authors: Guilherme Pereira Berriel, Rochelle Rocha Costa, Edson Soares da Silva, Pedro Schons, Guilherme Droescher de Vargas, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga and Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel