Study | LIV ratio | SP (day) | DD | TD (g) | Placebo | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PL | ED | FU | T | g/kg/day | g/day | ||||
Amirsasan et al. [46] | 02:01:01 | 6 | 1 | – | 7 | 0.21 | 15a | 105 | Dextrin |
0.45 | 32a | 224 | |||||||
Areces et al. [68] | 02:01:01 | 7 | – | – | 7 | NR. | 5 | 35 | Dextrose |
Atashak and Baturak [69] | 02:01:01 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 0.2 | 15a | 15 | Omega-3 Fatty acids |
Barzegari [70] | 02:01:01 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 0.45 | 34a | 34 | Dextrin |
Dorrell and Gee [47] | 02:01:01 | – | 1 | – | 1 | NR. | 6 | 6 | Artificial sweetener |
18 | 18 | ||||||||
Gee and Deniel [63] | 02:01:01 | – | 1 | – | 1 | NR. | 10 | 10 | Apple and blackcurrant juice |
Greer et al. [64] | 2.5:1:1.5 | – | 1 | – | 1 | NR. | 5 | 5 | Artificial sweetener |
Howatson et al. [71] | 02:01:01 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 12 | NR. | 20 | 240 | Artificial sweetener |
Jackman et al. [72] | 2.1:1.2:1 | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | NR. | 29.3 | 87.9 | Artificial sweetener |
Kim et al. [73] | 4.6:2:2.4 | – | 1 | – | 1 | 0.08 | 5a | 5 | Reverse osmosis water |
Koba et al. [60] | 02:01:01 | – | 5b | – | 5 | NR. | 10 | 50 | NR. |
Koo et al. [65] | 02:01:01 | 7 | – | – | 7 | NR. | 3.75 | 22 | NR. |
Ra et al. [61] | 02:01:01 | 3 | 1 | – | 4 | NR. | 9.6 | 38.4 | Starch |
Sheikholeslami-Vatani and Ahmadi [66] | 01:01:01 | – | 1 | – | 1 | NR. | 9 | 9 | Dextrose |
Shenoy et al. [74] | 02:01:01 | 28 | – | – | 28 | NR. | 20 | 560 | Artificial sweetener |
Shimomura et al. [67] | 2.3:1:1.2 | – | 1 | – | 1 | NR. | 5.5 | 5.5 | Dextrin |
VanDusseldorp et al. [62] | 03:01:02 | 8 | – | – | 8 | 0.22 | 20a | 160 | Maltodextrin |
Waldron et al. [75] | 02:01:01 | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.087 | 12a | 36 | Dextrose |