No LGE (n = 213) | Minor non-ischemic LGE (n = 57) | Major non-ischemic LGE (n = 16) | Ischemic LGE (n = 7) | p-value Between all groups | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical parameters | |||||
Age, yrs | 44 [35, 49] | 42 [34, 47] | 50 [45, 55] a | 50 [48, 61] b | < 0.005 |
Weight, kg | 75 [65, 81] | 75 [65, 81] | 75 [65, 81] | 86 [74, 88] | 0.084 |
Height, m | 1.79 [1.73, 1.85] | 1.82 [1.75, 1.85] | 1.80 [1.76, 1.81] | 1.83 [1.71, 1.86] | 0.540 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 [21.2, 24.1] | 23.2 [21.8, 24.8] | 24.5 [22.6, 25.1] | 24.9 [22.6, 27.8] | 0.051 |
BSA, m2 | 1.94 [1.78–2.04] | 1.95 [1.85–2.05] | 1.97 [1.87–2.07] | 2.06 [1.94, 2.09] | 0.190 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 25 (12%) | 6 (11%) | 5 (31%) | 2 (29%) | 0.116 |
Exercise test | |||||
Systolic BP at rest, mmHg | 121 [114, 131] | 125 [119, 130] | 126 [115, 141] | 133 [124, 141] | 0.133 |
Diastolic BP at rest, mmHg | 80 [75, 84] | 80 [77, 90] | 81 [79, 86] | 85 [77, 92] | 0.248 |
Peak systolic BP, mmHg | 191 [171, 212] | 201 [179, 213] | 230 [190, 237] | 230 [216, 240] c | < 0.005 |
Peak diastolic BP, mmHg | 90 [80, 100] | 90 [80, 98] | 80 [79, 89] | 80 [69, 102] | 0.204 |
Exercise-induced hypertension, n (%) | 47 (22%) | 15 (26%) | 8 (50%) d | 5 (71%) c | < 0.01 |
Heart rate at rest, bpm | 58 [51, 65] | 62 [51, 75] | 56 [49, 62] | 61 [55, 79] | 0.196 |
Peak heart rate, bpm | 172 [162, 180] | 179 [166, 185] | 162 [157, 176] a | 170 [151, 175] | < 0.01 |
ΔHR rest/peak, bpm | 113 [104, 120] | 114 [105, 124] | 109 [95, 121] | 97 [92, 104] | 0.065 |
VO2max, ml/kg per min | 50 [44, 58] | 52 [44, 61] | 55 [48, 58] | 54 [46, 61] | 0.545 |
Maximal power, W | 351 [292, 427] | 395 [326, 464] | 387 [323, 424] | 344 [275, 375] | 0.096 |
CMR parameters | |||||
LVEF, % | 63 [59, 67] | 62 [58, 65] | 64 [60, 69] | 61 [59, 67] | 0.291 |
LV mass index, g/m2 | 74 [64, 84] | 75 [65, 81] | 90 [84, 93] a, d | 87 [81, 97] b, c | < 0.001 |
LVEDVi, ml/m2 | 97 [86, 107] | 96 [88, 110] | 105 [99, 118] | 92 [90, 97] | 0.051 |
LVESVi, ml/m2 | 36 [29, 42] | 37 [32, 43] | 38 [33, 46] | 38 [30, 40] | 0.490 |
LGE size, %LV | – | 1.1 [0.8, 1.5] | 2.0 [0.9, 4.0] a | 5.1 [3.0, 7.9] b | < 0.001 |
LGE mass index, g/m2 | – | 0.7 [0.5, 1.0] | 1.4 [0.6, 2.3] a | 2.4 [1.2, 3.4] b | < 0.001 |