Table 7 Cytokines

Przybyla et al. [48]

34 healthy males (17 young, 17 older)

32 ± 7, 71 ± 5

3 × 8 reps of bilateral leg press, leg curl, and leg extension

80% 1-RM. Plus 4th set to failure

Baseline, 72-h

IL-6

IL-1β

IL-1RA

IL-10

AMAC-1

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

↔

↔

↔

↔

↔

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

IL-1β, IL-10, IL-1RA significantly higher in older at rest, and IL-1β, IL-10, AMAC-1 increased two-fold in young but not older

Thalacker-Mercer et al. [66]

39 healthy adults (20 younger, 19 older)

37 ± 1, 73 ± 1

9 × 10 reps bilateral, concentric-eccentric knee extension

40% MIVC

Baseline, 24-h

IL-6

IL-8

TNF-α

N/A

N/A

N/A

↑ 0.34 pg/ml (24%)*

↔

↔

N/A

N/A

N/A

IL-6 was also the only cytokine to change in young

Mathers et al. [69]

35 healthy adults (20 males, 15 females)

68 ± 1, 67 ± 2

3 × 12 reps of maximal isokinetic eccentric and concentric unilateral leg extension

Baseline, 2-h

IL-6 mRNA (men)

IL-6 mRNA (men)

N/A

N/A

↑ 0.193 AU (6433%)*

↑ 0.133 AU (1662%)*

N/A

Increased similarly in males and females

Funghetto et al. [61]

90 obese females

69 ± 6

7 × 10 reps eccentric bilateral knee extension isoinertial machine with a load corresponding to 110% of 10RM

Baseline, 0-, 3-, 24-, 48-h

IL-6

N/A

↔

N/A

Patterson et al. [68]

7 healthy males

71 ± 7

5 sets of unilateral knee extensions

20% 1-RM to fatigue with or without blood flow restriction in a counterbalanced order

Baseline, 30-, 60-, 120-min

IL-6

N/A

↔

N/A

Blood flow restriction did not alter plasma IL-6

Buford et al. [57]

30 healthy adults (15 young, 15 older). Each group 5 females, 5 males

23 ± 4, 76 ± 5

150 reps unilateral eccentric contractions of plantar flexors

110% 1-RM

Baseline, 48-, 168-h

TNF-α

N/A

↔

N/A

Tajra et al. [62]

90 obese females

69 ± 6

7 × 10 reps eccentric bilateral knee extension isoinertial machine with a load corresponding to 110% of 10RM

Baseline, 0-, 3-, 24-, 48-h

IL-6

0-h

↔(non-responders)

↑ 7.80 pg/ml (210%)*# (high responders)

48-h

‘Normal’ responders had no significant increase

Cornish et al. [64]

11 healthy males

72 ± 5

144 reps at 60% 1-RM OR 120 reps at 72% 1-RM OR 108 reps at 80% 1-RM of chest press, shoulder press, seated row, leg press, leg extension, and plantar flexion

Baseline, 0-, 3-, 6-, 24- 48-h

IL-6

6-h

↑ 0.49 pg/ml (28%)*#

24-h

RT intensity had no effect on IL-6 levels

Sorensen et al. [59]

19 healthy adults (11 young, 8 older). 4 females in young group

22 ± 2, 71 ± 7

300 reps maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors

Baseline, 24-, 72-h

IL-6

IL-1β

MCP-1

MIG

IP-10

I-TAC

IL-7

IL-8

IL-13

GCSF

N/A

N/A

24-h

24-h

24-h

24-h

N/A

24-h

N/A

N/A

↔

↔

↑198 pg/ml (1191%)*

↑175 pg/ml (127%)*

↑195 pg/ml (1598%)*

↑63 pg/ml (322%)*

↔

↑29 pg/ml (1140%)*

↔

↔

N/A

N/A

Not recovered

72-h

72-h

72-h

N/A

Not recovered

N/A

N/A

Pereira et al. [65]

28 healthy males

GG genotype: 71 ± 4

CC/CG genotype: 72 ± 4

10 × 7 reps of eccentric contractions of knee flexors and extensors

Baseline, 0-, 3-, 24-, 48-h

IL-6

N/A

↔

N/A

Jensen et al. [70]

25 healthy males,

24 healthy females (12 young, 12 older)

70 ± 7

23 ± 3, 74 ± 3

Men: 5 × 12 reps (70% 1-RM) followed by 4 × 6 eccentric reps (110% 1 RM)

Women: 2x [4 × 12 reps (70% 1-RM) followed by 4 × 4 eccentric reps (110% 1-RM) of unilateral knee extension]

Men: Baseline, 4.5-, 24-, 96-, and 168-h

Women: Baseline, 120-h

TNF-α

IL-10

IL-1β

IL-1R

COL1A1

Ki67

TNF-α

IL-10

IL-1β

IL-1R

COL1A1

Ki67

N/A

N/A

4.5-h

4.5-h

162-h

162-h

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

↔

↔

↑3.0-fold*

↑4.4-fold*

↑2.4-fold*

↑3.2-fold*

↔

↔

↔

↔

↔

↔

N/A

N/A

24-h

24-h

Not recovered

Not recovered

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

*Values only given relative to baseline (gene expression)

Older had higher COL1A1 mRNA expression at 120-h after exercise compared to the young

De Sousa Neto et al. [63]

88 obese females

69 ± 6

7 × 10 reps eccentric bilateral knee extension isoinertial machine with a load corresponding to 110% of 10-RM

Baseline, 0-, 3-, 24-, 48-h

IL-6

N/A

↔

N/A