Table 5 Risk of Falls

Moore et al. [60]

21 healthy adults. 5 males, 16 females

10–12 reps each of knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle plantar flexion, hip abduction, knee flexion

Baseline, 0-h

Diffusion co-efficient analysis

Critical point analysis

↔

↑*

Naderi et al. [54]

78 healthy adults

4 sets of 10 reps of 3 exercises (standing calf raise with DB, standing and seated calf raise with machine)

75% 1-RM

Baseline, 24-, 48-, 72-h

COP Sway

Ankle joint position error

Fear of falling

↑ 45% (48-h)*

↑ 81% (48-h)*

↑ 27% (48-h)*

Massage reduced COP sway at 48–72-h

Massage reduced joint position error at 24-, 48-, and 72-h

Massage improved fear of falling at 24- and 72-h. Cold water immersion improved fear of falling at 72-h