Table 3 Physical Function

Dedrick and Clarkson [51]

20 healthy females (10 young, 10 older)

24 ± 3, 67 ± 5

24 reps eccentric contractions of elbow flexors

115% maximal isometric strength

Baseline, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120-h

MIVC elbow flexor

24—48-h

↓12 Nm (42%)*#

Not recovered

Ploutz-Snyder et al. [52]

12 healthy females (6 young, 6 older)

23 ± 4, 66 ± 5

10 × 10 reps unilateral eccentric contractions of knee extensors

75% eccentric 1-RM

Baseline, 24-, 72-, 96-, 168-, 216-, 264-h

1-RM CON

1-RM ECC

24-h

24-h

↓24%*

↓27%*

168-h

72-h

Strength deficit after RT reduced after 12-wks training

Ferri et al. [55]

9 healthy males

72 ± 4

10 × 10 reps seated calf raises

70% 1-RM

Baseline, 1-, 48-, 96-, 144-h

MIVC ankle flexor

Maximal voluntary torque at;

-60° s-¹

60° s-¹

120° s-¹

N/A

1-h

N/A

1-h

↔

↓ 8.4 Nm (9%)*

↔

↓ 4.5 Nm (16%)*

N/A

24-h

N/A

24-h

Neuromuscular fatigue not exercise-induced muscle damage

Lavender & Nosaka [45]

20 healthy males (10 young, 10 older)

19 ± 0, 71 ± 2

6 × 5 reps eccentric contractions of elbow flexors

40% maximal isometric strength

Baseline, 0-, 1-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120-, 168-, 240-h

MIVC elbow flexor

0-h

↓48%*#

Not recovered

MIVC was 87% of baseline values at 10-d

Lavender and Nosaka [46]

18 healthy males (10 young, 8 older)

20 ± 2, 71 ± 4

6 × 5 reps eccentric contractions of elbow flexors

40% maximal isometric strength

Baseline, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-h

MIVC elbow flexor

0-h

↓48%*#

Not recovered

Repeated bout did not significantly attenuate decreases in MIVC

Lavender and Nosaka [47]

32 healthy males (10 young, 12 middle-aged, 10 older)

20 ± 2, 48 ± 7, 71 ± 4

6 × 5 reps eccentric contractions of elbow flexors

40% maximal isometric strength

Baseline, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120-h

MIVC elbow flexor

0-h

↓49%*#

Not recovered

Ageing does not affect force fluctuations before or after eccentric exercise

Chen et al. [56]

26 healthy males

66 ± 5

6 × 10 reps maximal eccentric contractions of knee extensors

Baseline, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120-h

MVC-CON 30° s-¹ knee extensors

0-h

↓28%*#

Not recovered

Low intensity eccentric bout 7-d prior reduced deficits in MVC

Buford et al. [57]

30 healthy adults (15 young, 15 older). Each group 5 females, 5 males

23 ± 4, 76 ± 5

150 reps unilateral eccentric contractions of plantar flexors

110% 1-RM

Baseline, 48-, 168-h

Maximal voluntary torque plantar flexors

48-h

↓20 Nm (14%)#

Not recovered

Old and young similar

Nikolaidis et al. [49]

20 healthy males (10 young, 10 older)

22 ± 4, 67 ± 5

5 × 15 reps of back squat

75% 1-RM on a Smith machine

Baseline, 48-h

MIVC knee extensors

N/A

↓31 Nm (-23%)*#

N/A

Orssatto et al. [12]

22 healthy adults. 7 females, 15 males. Two groups

66 ± 5, 67 ± 5

3 × failure

70% or

95% 5-RM of leg press and leg curl

Baseline, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-h

Maximal voluntary peak torque knee extensors

Timed up and go

CMJ

Stair Ascent

Stair Descent

0-h

0-h

0-h

72-h

N/A

↓14%*# (G70)

↓17%*# (G95)

↑ 2%*# (G70)

↑ 6%*# (G95)

↓8%*# (G70)

↓11%*# (G90)

↑6%*# (G70)

↑4%*# (G95)

↔

24-h

Not recovered

24-h

24-h

24-h

24-h

Not recovered

Not recovered

N/A

Groups are 70% 5-RM (G70), and 95% 5-RM (G95)

Sorensen et al. [59]

19 healthy adults (11 young, 8 older). 4 females in young group

22 ± 2, 71 ± 7

300 reps maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors

Baseline, 24-, 72-h

MVC-CON 60° s-1 knee extensors

Peak isokinetic power

0-h

0-h

↓34%*#

↓35%*#

72-h

24-h

Unable to recruit older women able to perform exercise

Marques et al. [53]

31 institutionalized adults. 14 males, 17 females

79 ± 7

2 or 4 sets of 5 CMJ. 3 sets of 6 or 12 reps 2 kg SMBT (seated medicine ball throw)

3 sets of 8 or 15 reps of leg-press and chest-press

65% 1-RM

3 sets of 6 or 12 reps 5 kg chair-squat

Baseline, 5-min

SMBT

CMJ

Hand-grip strength

N/A

N/A

N/A

↔low volume

↓3%* high volume

↓5% low volume

↓ 8%* high volume

↑3%* low volume

↓1% high volume

N/A

N/A

N/A

Skarabot et al. [58]

33 healthy adults (12 young, 11 older). 2 and 3 females respectively

27 ± 5, 66 ± 4

10 sets of 6 reps maximal eccentric contractions of dorsi-flexions

Baseline, 0-, 24-, 72-h

MIVC knee extensors

0-h

↓ 22%*

72-h

Repeated bout protective

Naderi et al. [54]

78 healthy adults

66 ± 3

4 sets of 10 reps of 3 exercises (standing calf raise with DB, standing and seated calf raise with machine)

75% 1-RM

Baseline, 24-, 48-, 72-h

MVC-CON 60° s-1 plantar flexors

Timed up and go

48-h

48-h

↓12 Nm (36%)*#

↑2 s (18%)*#

Not recovered

Not recovered

Massage attenuated declines in strength and TUG

Rodriguez-Lopez et al. [67]

15 healthy adults (9 males, 6 females)

73.6 ± 3.8

6 × 6 reps leg press

80% of 1-RM (heavy)

6 × 12 reps leg press

40% of 1-RM (light)

Baseline, 0-h

MIVC knee extensors

5 Chair Stands

N/A

↓ 24.8 Nm (6%)*#

↑ 0.4 s (5%)*#

N/A

No effect of load