Fig. 3

Changes to VC, ERV, IRV, and Crs induced by head-out-of-water immersion and ULC observed after fin swimming exercise in both populations (non-IPE vs. IPE). Changes to VC, ERV, IRV and Crs induced by head-out-of-water immersion and ULC observed after fin swimming exercise in both populations (non-IPE vs. IPE). Each point corresponds to the value observed for an individual subject. Divers in the non-IPE group are represented by black dots (n = 10); the red dots correspond to divers in the IPE group (n = 8). Statistical significance was determined using a Mann–Whitney test. Compliance of the overall respiratory system (combined lung and chest wall) (Crs); vital capacity (VC); expiratory reserve volume (ERV); inspiratory reserve volume (IRV); tidal volume (Vt); ultrasound lung comets (ULC)