Skip to main content

Table 3 Odds ratio of self-reported neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and cognitive impairment between soccer players and controls

From: Cognitive Impairment and Self-Reported Dementia in UK Retired Professional Soccer Players: A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

Outcomes

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Crude

Model 1

Model 2

Neurodegenerative disease

2.92 (1.10, 7.74)

4.41 (1.63, 11.91)

3.46 (1.25, 9.63)

TYM (< 35.5)

1.87 (1.34, 2.60)

1.51 (0.95, 2.38)

1.55 (0.97, 2.46)

TICS-M (< 20.5)

1.49 (0.87, 2.57)

1.37 (0.73, 2.57)

1.41 (0.73, 2.73)

HVLT (< 14.5)

1.37 (0.84, 2.24)

1.64 (0.92, 2.93)

2.06 (1.11, 3.83)

VFT (< 19.5)

1.91 (1.37, 2.65)

1.84 (1.24, 2.72)

1.78 (1.18, 2.68)

IADL (< 15.5)

1.14 (0.81, 1.61)

1.42 (0.94, 2.14)

1.24 (0.81, 1.89)

  1. Model 1. Adjusted by age and education
  2. Model 2. Adjusted by age, education, Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off of < 25, stroke, concussion, circulation problems, hearing loss (only for telephone assessment)
  3. TYM test your memory, TICS-M the modified telephone interview for cognitive status, HVLT Hopkins verbal learning test, VFT Verbal fluency test, IADL instrumental activities of daily living