Table 4 Differences in demographic, GAD and depressive symptom scores based on gender and concussion history (N = 356)

Total

Sample

165 (50.30%)

163 (49.70%)

18 (64.29%)

10 (35.71%)

183 (51.40%)

173 (48.60%)

Age (years)

M ± SD

21.78 ± 2.77

22.30 ± 2.96

22.17 ± 4.53

23.10 ± 5.59

21.82 ± 2.97

22.35 ± 3.15

Ethnicity

Australian

138 (83.64%)

148 (90.80%)

15 (83.33%)

8 (80.00%)

153 (83.61%)

156 (90.17%)

Aboriginal Australian or Torres Strait Islander

21 (12.73%)

13 (7.98%)

2 (11.11%)

2 (20.00%)

23 (12.57%)

15 (8.67%)

Other

6 (3.64%)

2 (1.23%)

1 (5.56%)

0 (0.00%)

7 (3.83%)

2 (1.16%)

Previously diagnosed with mental health condition

No

150 (90.91%)

140 (85.89%)

14 (77.78%)

6 (60.00%)

164 (89.62%)

146 (84.39%)

Yes

15 (9.09%)

23 (14.11%)

4 (22.22%)

4 (40.00%)

19 (10.38%)

27 (15.61%)

Currently injured

No

140 (84.85%)

139 (85.28%)

15 (83.33%)

10 (100.00%)

155 (84.70%)

149 (86.13%)

Yes

25 (15.15%)

24 (14.72%)

3 (16.67%)

0 (0.00%)

28 (15.30%)

24 (13.87%)

Mental health symptoms

No GAD or depression

132 (80.00%)

129 (79.14%)

7 (38.89%)

3 (30.00%)

139 (75.96%)

132 (76.30%)

Probable GAD

1 (0.61%)

1 (0.61%)

2 (11.11%)

0 (0.00%)

3 (1.64%)

1 (0.58%)

Probable depression

22 (13.33%)

17 (10.43%)

7 (38.89%)

3 (30.00%)

29 (15.85%)

20 (11.56%)

GAD and depression

10 (6.06%)

16 (9.82%)

2 (11.11%)

4 (40.00%)

12 (6.56%)

20 (11.56%)

GAD-7 cut points (raw)

None

154 (93.33%)

146 (89.57%)

14 (77.78%)

6 (60.00%)

168 (91.80%)

152 (87.86%)

Probable GAD

11 (6.67%)

17 (10.43%)

4 (22.22%)

4 (40.00%)

15 (8.20%)

21 (12.14%)

PHQ-9 cut points (raw)

None

133 (80.61%)

130 (79.75%)

9 (50.00%)

3 (30.00%)

142 (77.60%)

133 (76.88%)

Probable depression

32 (19.39%)

33 (20.25%)

9 (50.00%)

7 (70.00%)

41 (22.40%)

40 (23.12%)

GAD-7 sum score

Mean ± SD

2.86 ± 3.60

3.16 ± 3.12

5.56 ± 3.33

6.60 ± 4.67

3.13 ± 3.66

3.36 ± 3.31

PHQ-9 sum score

Mean ± SD

2.82 ± 3.92

2.80 ± 2.96

4.39 ± 2.85

7.10 ± 4.28

2.98 ± 3.85

3.05 ± 3.20