Table 1 Baseline questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and functional performance tests
Baseline measurements | Description, evaluated |
|---|---|
Questionnaires | |
International knee documentation committee subjective knee Evaluation Form (IKDC) [22, 23] | Knee symptoms, function, and activity limitations in daily living and sports. 0–100, higher score is better |
ACL-Quality of Life (ACL-QoL) [24] | Knee function, knee-related pain, symptoms, and quality of life. 0–10, higher score is better |
Psychological readiness to return to sport after ACL injury. 0–10, higher score indicate better readiness | |
Swedish Universities Scales of Personality (SSP) [27] | Thirteen personality traits (somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, stress susceptibility, lack of assertiveness, impulsiveness, adventure seeking, detachment, social desirability, embitterment, trait irritability, mistrust, verbal trait aggression, and physical trait aggression). 0–100, values > 50 indicate higher levels of the personality traits |
Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (SMPS) [28] | Perfectionism in sports. 1–5, higher scores indicate a high degree of perfectionism |
Anthropometric measurements, range of motion | |
Ankle dorsiflexion in a weight-bearing position using a goniometer | Ankle dorsiflexion, degrees |
Knee extension measured in the supine position using a goniometer | Knee extension, degrees; negative values indicate knee hyperextension and positive values extension deficit |
Functional performance tests | |
Single hop for distance [29] | Maximum single hop performance, cm |
Taking off and landing on the same foot, with a controlled, balanced landing | |
5-jump test [30] | Lower limb explosive power, cm |
Standing on both feet, performed a series of five jumps with alternated left and right foot contacts, and landed on both feet | |
Knee motion in the frontal plane, cm | |
Tuck jump [34] | Movement asymmetries in a plyometric activity. 0–10, lower score indicate better performance |
The players performed repeated tuck jumps for 10 s. Two standard video cameras, one in the frontal and one in the sagittal plane, 5 m and 3.5 m from the test person, respectively, were used. The tuck jump was analysed from the films by the same person according to a clinician-friendly screening tool [35] | |
Side hop [29] | Hop performance while developing fatigue, n |
Standing on the test leg and jumping from side to side outside two parallel strips of tape 40 cm apart (with their hands behind their back) performing as many jumps as possible for 30 s. If the foot touched the strips of tape, the hop was not counted. The trials were videotaped to enable analysis of successful jumps | |