Submaximal Fitness Test in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Heart Rate Measurement Properties

Shushan, Tzlil; Lovell, Ric; Buchheit, Martin; Scott, Tannath J.; Barrett, Steve; Norris, Dean; McLaren, Shaun J.

doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00564-w

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Sample and SMFT characteristics of the studies included in the reliability meta-analysis

From: Submaximal Fitness Test in Team Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Heart Rate Measurement Properties

Study	Year	Sample Characteristics					SMFT						Multiple Effects	RoB (L/U/H)	Reliability Properties
Study	Year	N	Mean Age	Sex	Sport	Level	Category	Protocol	Environment	Exe Dur. (min)	Exe Int. (HRex)	Analysis	Multiple Effects	RoB (L/U/H)	MD	TE	ICC
Veugelers et al. [46]	2016	25	23.0	Male	ARF	Elite	II	Mod Yo-YoIR2	Indoor AM	2–4	74.4–82.4	30 s	Vol./Int	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Veugelers et al. [46]	2016	25	23.0	Male	ARF	Elite	II	Mod Yo-YoIR2	Indoor AM	2–4	74.4–82.4	30 s	Test–retest	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Scott et al. [3]	2018	25	23.2	Male	Rugby	Elite	CF	Ind. Shuttle	Outdoor AM	4	81.1	30 s		6/0/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Scott et al. [3]	2018	25	23.2	Male	Rugby	Elite	CF	Ind. Shuttle	20–24 °C	4	81.1	30 s		6/0/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Buchheit et al. [34]	2010	18	13.9	Male	Soccer	Elite	CF	Track	Outdoor	5	81.8	30 s	Sub-groups	3/1/2	✓
Buchheit et al. [34]	2010	15	15.7	Male	Soccer	Elite	CF	Track	21.6–23 °C	5	76.0	30 s	Sub-groups	3/1/2	✓
Bradley et al. [35]	2011	32		Male	Soccer	Elite	II	Yo-YoIR2	Indoor	6	NS	Fixed		1/2/3			✓ _(NS)
Buchheit et al. [37]	2011	12	17.0	Male	Ice Hockey	Elite	II	30-15_IFT	Indoor	~ 3 & 6	74.6 & 88.6	20 s	Vol./Int	4/1/1	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Fanchini et al. [7]	2014	24	17.0	Male	Soccer	Sub-elite	II	Yo-YoIR1	NS	~ 6	91.3	Fixed		3/1/2	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(2,1)
Hulin et al. [6]^a	2019	17	24.1	Male	Rugby	Elite	II	Yo-YoIR1	Outdoor	~ 4	89.0 & 91.5	10 s	Test–retest	3/2/1	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
									19.0 ± 2.6 °C
									55 ± 13% RH
Hulka et al. [83]	2015	25	17.7	Male	Soccer	NS	IV	4v4 SSG	Indoor	12	79.7–81.8	All		3/3/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(NS)
Hulse et al. [26]	2013	13	U9-11	Male	Soccer	NS	II	MSFT	Indoor PM	~ 5.5	95.7	~ 60 s	Sub-groups	4/1/1	✓	✓_(B)	✓ _(2,1)
		15	U12-14						10.5–12.4 °C		88.7
		18	U15-18						10.5–12.4 °C		84.3
Ingebrigtsen et al. [28]	2014	10–37	22.0	Male	Soccer	Mixed	II	Yo-YoIR 1/2	Indoor	2, 4 & 6	NS	Fixed	Vol./Int	1/4/1			✓ _(3,1)
Rabbani et al. [53]	2018	12	25.1	Male	Soccer	Elite	CF	100 m shuttle	AM	4	76.7	30 s	Test–retest	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Rabbani et al. [53]	2018	12	25.1	Male	Soccer	Elite	CF	100 m shuttle	24–26 °C	4	76.7	30 s	Test–retest	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Owen et al. [29]	2017	10	17.8	Male	Soccer	Elite	II	Yo-YoIR1	Same time during the day	6	82.1	Fixed		2/4/0	✓	✓_(B)	✓ _(2,1)
Buchheit et al. [23]	2008	15	15.6	Male	Handball	Sub-elite	CF	Ind. Track	Indoor	6	80.5	All		3/2/1		✓_(B)	✓ _(NS)
Buchheit et al. [23]	2008	15	15.6	Male	Handball	Sub-elite	CF	Ind. Track	18–22 °C	6	80.5	All		3/2/1		✓_(B)	✓ _(NS)
Deprez et al. [25]	2014	9–27	12.5	Male	Soccer	Mixed	II	Yo-YoIR1	Indoor	~ 2.5, 3.5 & 6.5	91.8–97.0	Fixed	Vol./Int	4/2/0	✓	✓_(B)	✓ _(3,1)
		8–26	14.0						Similar °C		91.5–96.7		Sub-groups
		4–19	16.2						Similar °C		91.0–94.6		Sub-groups
Owen et al. [82]	2020	23	25.3	Male	Soccer	Elite	IV	5V5 SSG	Outdoor AM	9	87.0	All		2/2/2		✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Doncaster et al. [54]	2018	8	12.9	Male	Soccer	Elite	II	Yo-YoIR1	Outdoor	3 & 6	88.3–93.8	15 s	Vol./Int	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
									11–13.2 °C
									63–72%RH
Deprez et al. [24]	2015	22	13.9	Male	Soccer	Elite	II	Yo-YoIR1	Outdoor PM	~ 6.5	95.1–95.4	Fixed	Sub-groups	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(NS)
		10	16.2						~ 10 °C		91.8–92.8		Test–retest
		4	18.1						~ 10 °C		88.1–90.0		Test–retest
Dell Iacono et al. [27]^b	2019	10	18.5	Male	Soccer	Elite	IV	Pass. Drill	Outdoor PM	12	85.1–87.2	All	Sub-groups	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
		10	18.7	Male	Soccer	Elite	IV	5V5 SSG	22 ± 2.5 °C	12	86.2–87.1
		10	18.7	Male	Soccer	Elite	IV	5V5 SSG	65 ± 3.8%RH	12	86.2–87.1
Younesi et al. [33]	2021a	16	27.2	Male	Soccer	Elite	IV	3V3-6V6 SSG	Outdoor PM	6	80.8–81.8	All	Protocol	5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
									25–32 °C				Test–retest
									54–76%8RH				Test–retest
Ryan et al. [31]	2019	16	24.6	Male	ARF	Elite	CF	80 m shuttle	Outdoor	5		30 s		4/2/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Ryan et al. [31]	2019	16	24.6	Male	ARF	Elite	CF	80 m shuttle	20–25.5 °C	5		30 s		4/2/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)
Scott et al. [36]^c	2022	17	22.0	Male	Rugby	Elite	CF	Ind. Shuttle	21–23 °C	4	84.9	30 s		5/1/0	✓	✓_(A)	✓ _(3,1)

30-15_IFT 30-15 intermittent fitness test, AM morning hours, ARF Australian football, All overall exercise, Fixed fixed time point(s), °C temperature in Celsius, CF continuous fixed, Exe. Exercise, H high, ICC intraclass correlation, II Intermittent incremental, Ind. Individualised, Int intensity, IV intermittent variable, L low, m metres, MD mean difference, MSFT multistage fitness test, N sample size, NS not specified, PM afternoon hours, Pass passing, RH relative humidity, RoB Risk of Bias, SSG small-sided games, TE typical error of measurement, U unclear, s second, SMFT submaximal fitness test, Vol volume, Yo-YoIR1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, Yo-YoIR2 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, mod. Yo-YoIR2 modified (18 m shuttle) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2. TE_(A): TE derived from the mean variance of individuals score change (Eq. 2), TE_(B): TE derived from the variance between individuals and ICC (Eq. 3). ICC _(2,1) and ICC _(3,1) refer to ICC type
^aTest–retest reliability results were established using the raw data provided by the authors
^bTest–retest reliability results of the first two weeks which met the inclusion criteria of total duration were established using the raw data provided by the authors
^cTest–retest reliability results were established using the raw data provided by the authors

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