Acute and Chronic Physical Activity Increases Creative Ideation Performance: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 1 Study characteristics: cross-sectional studies

Study	Year	Participants	Age (mean, SD/range)	Creative ideation task	Physical activity measure	Study quality
Cantarero and Carranque [67]	2016	n = 40	32.95 (9.07)	Creative imagination test for adults [68]	International physical activity questionnaire [69]	3
Cavallera et al. [70]	2011	n = 61	21.64 (2.85)	Torrance test of creative thinking [71]	Hours of sport activity per week	4
Chen et al. [72]	2021	n = 40	22.98 (1.95)	Alternate uses test [73]	International physical activity questionnaire [69]	4
Latorre Román et al. [74]	2017	n = 308	9.72 (1.25)	Creative imagination test for children [75]	Fitness-test battery (20 m running speed)	4
Perchtold-Stefan et al. [76]	2020	n = 98	23.06 (3.40)	Verbal imagination subscales of Berliner Intelligenzstruktur-test [77] test for creative thinking-drawing production [78]	Freiburger questionnaire on physical activity [79]	4
Piya-Amornphan et al. (1–3) [80]	2020	n₁ = 521 n₂ = 487 n₃ = 439	6–9 1–13 14–17	Test for creative thinking-drawing production [78]	Thailand physical activity children survey-the student Questionnaire [81]	3
Rominger et al. [43]	2020	n = 79	22.95 (3.34)	Alternate use task [73] Torrance test of creative thinking [71]	Tri-axial acceleration sensors (counts/min)	5

n number of participants, n_i number of participants in the independent subsample i, numbers in parentheses designate the independent subsamples i, e.g., Piya-Amornphan et al. (1–3)