Table 5 Secondary effects summary

Dufka et al. [16]

Methamphetamine

–

n/a

No significant effect on BP, subjective perception of performance, energy, endurance or ability to breathe

(−)

–

n/a

–

n/a

Systolic BP

0.07–0.34

Null to Small

Diastolic BP

0.13–0.77

Null to Large

Heart Rate

0.01–0.57

Null to Moderate

Altszuler et al., [18]

Methylphenidate

–

n/a

–

n/a

–

n/a

–

n/a

n/a

King et al. [19]

Methylphenidate

–

n/a

–

n/a

–

n/a

–

n/a

n/a

Roelands et al. [20]

Methylphenidate

Core temperature increased significantly following methylphenidate at 30C (p = 0.013), but no temperature effect found at 18C (p = 0.360). Core temp rose higher in methylphenidate 30, significant after 25 (p = 0.006) and 30 min (p = 0.006) and at end of timed trial (p = 0.014). During recovery, core temp was higher at all time points in methylphenidate (p 0.009, 0.011, 0.018)

(+)

Significant increase in heart rate at every time point during timed trial post methylphenidate at 30C (p = 0.046) (no difference apparent at 18C)

(+)

No difference in blood hormone (cortisol, ACTH, GH, beta-endorphin) concentrations (all hormones measured increased during exercise in all trials, but no differences with drug treatment)

(−)

No difference in rating of perceived exertion or thermal stress

(−)

n/a

Cordery et al. [21]

Bupropion

No significant difference in core temperature increase (p = 0.579). Core temperature higher in bupropion trial only at last 5 min of exercise test when participants gave all-out effort (p = 0.021)

(+)

No significant difference in heart rate, but significantly higher in bupropion group in last 5 min with max effort (p = 0.043). No differences in sweat loss. No significant difference in VO₂

(+)

Slight but statistically significant increase in plasma testosterone before the bupropion trial compared to placebo (p = 0.043). Prolactin was elevated at end of exercise in bupropion group (p = 0.039)

(+)

No significant difference in ratings of perceived exertion or expired gases. No differences in rating of thermal sensation between groups

(−)

Heart rate

0.537

Moderate

Core Temperature

0.588

Moderate

Cortisol

0.03

Null

Prolactin

0.35

Small

FSH

0.57

Moderate

LH

0.11

Null

Piacentini et al. [22]

Bupropion

–

n/a

No significant difference in lactate concentration and HR

(−)

Cortisol significantly higher in bupropion group at rest, at 60 min, at end of exercise (p < 0.05). ACTH significantly higher in bupropion group only at end of exercise (p < 0.05)

(+)

No difference in RPE among trials

(−)

Heart rate

0.36

Small

Lactate Concentrations

0.2

Small

RPE

2.43

Large

Roelands et al. [23]

Bupropion

Total core temperature significantly higher in bupropion trial compared to placebo (p = .030)

(+)

No significant difference in heart rate among groups

(−)

Growth hormone significantly higher in bupropion group (p = .008). No difference in prolactin cortisol, ACTH

(+)

No difference in ratings of perceived exertion among groups

(−)

Heart Rate

0.56

Moderate

Core Temperature

1

Large

Weighted skin temperature

1.18

Large

Thermal stress scores

1.81

Large

Chandler and Blair [17]

Amphetamine

–

n/a

Maximum heart rates significantly increased (p < 0.001)

(+)

–

n/a

–

n/a

VO₂Max

0.02

Null

Anaerobic Capacity

0.58

Moderate

Pre-exercise heart rate

0.72

Moderate

Maximum heart rate

0.55

Moderate

Respiratory exchange ratio

0

Null

Mahon et al. [24]

Mixed

–

n/a

No effect on Ve/VO₂, RER. Heart rate significantly higher with medication compared to placebo (p < 0.05). Dose of medication and heart rate demonstrated no statistically significant correlation. VO₂ significantly higher with medication at peak exercise (p < 0.05)

( +)

–

n/a

No effect on RPE

(−)

VO2 (oxygen uptake)

0.09–0.58

Null to Moderate

VE/VO₂ (ventilatory equivalent for oxygen)

0.38–0.48

Small to Moderate

Respiratory exchange ratio

0–0.26

Null to Small

Heart rate

0.78

Large

RPE

0.03–0.34

Null to Small