Influence of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Insufficiency on Maximal Aerobic Power in Elite Indoor Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 3 Characteristics of athletes according to the different serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations (four subgroups)

	Serum 25- OH vitamin D concentrations
	< 20 ng/mL	≥ 20– < 30 ng/mL	≥ 30– < 50 ng/mL	≥ 50 ng/mL
	(n = 10)	(n = 24)	(n = 61)	(n = 17)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	26.3 ± 7	27.8 ± 5.4	25.5 ± 5.1	25.6 ± 3.9
Height (cm)	192 ± 7	189 ± 8.4	189 ± 7.5	190 ± 6
Weight (kg)	93.8 ± 9.8	93.5 ± 11.8	91.5 ± 10.2	96.5 ± 11.1
BMI (kg/m²)	25.8 ± 1.36	26 ± 1.56	25.2 ± 1.72	26.5 ± 2.33
PTH (ng/mL)	48.8 ± 10.2	37.3 ± 17	34.1 ± 19	24.3 ± 12.8 ^a
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.36 ± 0.1	2.3 ± 0.1	2.39 ± 0.08	2.4 ± 0.07
Serum 25-OH vitamin D (ng/mL)	14.6 ± 3.9	25.8 ± 2.7^a	38.6 ± 5.2^a/^b	56.5 ± 5.2^a/^b/^c
Maximal workload (W)	295 ± 48	340 ± 74	351 ± 58^a	406 ± 30^a/^b
Maximal aerobic power (W/kg)	3.18 ± 0.64	3.59 ± 0.71	3.85 ± 0.46^a	4.24 ± 0.36^a/^b
Maximum heart rate (bpm)	175 ± 15	175 ± 17	176 ± 10	177 ± 10
Maximum SBP (mmHg)	183 ± 19	187 ± 19	193 ± 19.5	195 ± 26
Maximum DBP (mmHg)	86.7 ± 5.6	86.8 ± 7.4	86.8 ± 9.7	88.8 ± 11
Resting heart rate (bpm)	59.2 ± 10	58.2 ± 8	58.2 ± 10	59.3 ± 13.9
Resting SBP (mmHg)	120 ± 12	119 ± 12	119 ± 7.4	126 ± 9
Resting DBP (mmHg)	81.6 ± 5	79.4 ± 10.3	74.9 ± 6.2^a	74.1 ± 8.9^a/^b
SEP (points)	73.2 ± 23.8	75.5 ± 20.1	78.6 ± 15	80.6 ± 28.5

See Additional file 1 for specific p values. Bold text signifies significant differences. Values are given as means ± standard deviation (SD) and as median with interquartile ranges (IQR)
BMI = body mass index; PTH = parathyroid hormone; SE p = sun exposure points (measured over the two weeks prior to examination; maximum 112 points)
^aSignificant difference vs. concentrations of < 20 ng/mL (p < 0.05);
^bSignificant difference vs. concentrations of ≥ 20- < 30 ng/mL (p < 0.05);
^cSignificant difference vs. concentrations of ≥ 30- < 50 ng/mL (p < 0.05)