Table 5 Illness incidence, symptoms and ability to continue in the studies
References | Illness incidence/prevalence | Total number of illnesses | Symptoms of illness n (%) | Able to continue cycling? | Severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Griffiths et al. [21] | Total: 46.5% Male: 47.5% Female: 37.8% | 161/347 participants | Tiredness: 159 Diarrhoea:151 Abdominal pain: 131 Fever: 94 Nausea: 91 Vomiting: 31 Blood in stool: 15 | 100% able to continue (symptom onset post-race) | Not reported |
McGrath and Yehl [13] | Total: 23.1% | 12/52 participants | Gastrointestinal: 3 (25%) Respiratory, asthma: 3 (25%) Neurologic, headache: 3 (25%) Dehydration: 2 (17%) Skin and soft tissue, dermatitis: 1 (8%) | 3 withdrawals from race | 2 treated in hospital emergency room (1 × gastrointestinal, 1 × dehydration) |
Mexia et al. [22] | Total: 4.9% | 572/11 721 participants | Self-reported diarrhoea within 10 days of the race: 572 (100%) | 100% able to continue (symptom onset post-race) | Not reported |
Stuart et al. [23] | Total: 42.0% | 225/537 respondents (787 riders in the race) | Cramps: 179 (80%) Fever: 140 (62%) Nausea: 84 (37%) Blood in stool: 29 (13%) Vomiting: 21 (9%) | 100% able to continue (symptom onset post-race) | Not reported |
Taylor and Ranse [20] | Total: 0.5% | 67/14 777 participants | Headache or asthma: 65% | Not reported | Not reported |