Table 4 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Number of participants | Age | Sex(es) | Structure of PCRT session | Number of sessions/week | Sets × reps/rest of each exercise | Type of loading | Exercises included in PCRT intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6–8 weeks | ||||||||
Aasa et al. 2015 [30] | 70 | 25–60 years | M + F | Small group (5 people) | 1–2×/week | 5 + × 1–10/5 min (based on total load) | BB | Deadlift |
Atalay et al. 2017 [36] | 20 | 25 years (0.8 SEM) | M | Circuit-based, changing after each set | 3×/week | 2 × 6–12 reps or 5 s holds/30 min between circuits | BW, DB | Bridge, weighted neck flexion/extension, lateral side raise, upright row, chest-supported DB row, abdominal crunch, 4-point kneeling w/ leg extension, supine back extension |
Cai et al. 2015 [31]a | 84 | 21–45 years | M + F | In-clinic and home exercises | Clinic: 2×/week Home: 5×/week | Clinic: 3 × 10/2 min Home: 3 × 10/2 min | BW, DB, Machine | Supervised: Machine-based hip abduction, hip extension, leg press Home Exercise: Single-leg squat, wall sit |
Suh et al. 2019 [35]a | 48 | 54.81 years (± 14.66) | M + F | Home-based | 5×/week | 5 × 30 s holds (rest not mentioned) | BW, DB, varying level of instability | Bridge, abdominal crunch, dead bug, side plank, prone superman, bird dog, plank |
12–16 weeks | ||||||||
Cortell-Tormo et al. 2018 [14] | 19 | 20–55 years | F | Small group (3–4 people), circuit-based | 2×/week | Stage 1: 1–2 × 20/0 s Stage 2: 2–3 × 15/30 s Stage 3: 3 × 12/30 s | BW, DB, Cable; based on RPE of each participant | Isometric: 4-pt kneeling/lying, lying w/ leg movement, sitting, standing Movements: Squat, lunge, SL deadlift, stand row, stand push, seated row, pull squat, abdominal crunch, back extension, side plank, bridge |
Hurley et al. 2015 [32] | 246 | 18–65 years | M + F | Group-based circuit training | 1×/week | 1× max reps in 60 s at 70% RPE (Borg) | BW, DB, progression to unilateral | Bridge (SL or DL), squats (SL or DL), lateral stepping, push-ups, side-lying hip abduction, prone leg extension, abdominal crunch, lateral raises, diagonal trunk curl, high-knees on the spot |
Jackson et al. 2011 [33]a [Middle-aged] | 45 | 52 years (± 2.7) | M | Gym-based, unsupervised | 4×/week | 3–6 × 10–12/1–2 min “Core” = 30 reps | BW, DB, BB, Cable | Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, bench press, incline bench press, lat pulldown, low cable row, shoulder press, arm curl, triceps pushdown, ab crunches, Swiss ball crunch, prone superman |
Jackson et al. 2011 [33]a [Old-aged] | 45 | 63 years (± 3.1) | M | Gym-based, unsupervised | 4×/week | 3–6 × 10–12/1–2 min “Core” = 30 reps Progressive RT | BW, DB, BB, Cable | Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, bench press, incline bench press, lat pulldown, low cable row, shoulder press, arm curl, triceps pushdown, ab crunches, Swiss ball crunch, prone superman |
Kell et al. 2009 [34] | 27 | 40.1 years (± 8.7) | M + F | Gym-based, unsupervised | 4×/week | 2–3 × 8–15/1–3 min “Core” = 30 reps Progressive RT | BW, DB, BB, Cable | Leg press, leg extension, leg curl, bench press, incline bench press, lat pulldown, low cable row, shoulder press, arm curl, triceps pushdown, ab crunches, swiss ball crunch, prone superman |