Table 3 Summary of included original studies investigating ‘supervised rehabilitation frequency’

Beard and Dodd (1998) [31]

RCT

31

28

M 21

F 5

BPTB

Not stated

Home: not specified

Clinic + knee class: 16 (1.33)

Unspecified

High

Mid (approx. 1-4)

Pre-operative, 3 and 6

Lysholm knee score, IKDC knee evaluation form, Modified Tegner activity score, VAS sports frequency and level, VAS ADLs, Isokinetic Fl and ext (60deg/sec), KT-1000

Christensen et al. (2018) [32]

Retrospective

332

31.2

M 192

F 140

HS / BPTB

Not stated

Unsupervised: 3–7 (0.16)

Semi-supervised: 8–13 (0.33)

Supervised: 14–35 (0.76)

Low

Mod

High

Late (0-8)

8

KOS-ADL, NPRS

Darian et al. (2015) [33]

Case report

1

22

M

HS

Competitive sport

Supervised: 15 (0.63)

High

Mid (0-6)

Pre-operative, 1.5, 3 and 6

IKDC subjective knee evaluation, Lysholm knee score, KOOS, K-SES, single hop

De Carlo and Sell (1997) [34]

Retrospective

180

26.8

M 130

F 50

BPTB

Sport participation (100%)

Home: 7 (0.29)

Standard routine: 20 (0.83)

Low

High

Mid (0-6)

1,6 and 12

Isokinetic Fl and ext (180deg/s)

ROM, Modified Noyes Questionnaire

Dempsey et al. (2019) [30]

Cross-sectional

60

29.7

M 31

F 29

HS/BPTB

Competitive (57%)

Recreational (41%)

Non-athletes (3%)

Cohort: 58.2 (2.24)

High

Mid (av. 6.3)

At physician clearance (6.3)

Isokinetic ext (60deg/sec), isometric ext (90deg), single hop for distance, IKDC 2000 subjective knee evaluation, physiotherapy questionnaire

Feller et al. (2004) [35]

Retrospective

20

28

M 16

F 4

HS/BPTB

Not stated

Minimal: 0–3 (0.04)

Intermediate: 4–11 (0.14)

Regular: 15-50 (0.51)

Low

Low

High

Late (0–12)

12

Cincinnati knee score, Cincinnati occupational rating scale, Cincinnati sports activity level, IKDC knee evaluation form, KT-1000

Fischer at al. (1998) [36]

Prospective

54

30.5

M 28

F 26

BPTB/allograft

Not stated

Home: 5 (0.21)

Clinic: 19.9 (0.83)

Low

High

Mid (0–6)

Examination at 1 week, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6

Lysholm at 3 and 6

Hops and HSQ at 6

Lysholm knee score, HSQ, ROM, KT-1000, Effusion, PFJ crepitus, anterior draw, medial-lateral laxity, posterior draw, Lachman’s, pivot shift, thigh atrophy, single hop for distance, 6m timed hop, triple hop for distance, triple crossover hop for distance

Grant and Mohtadi (2005) [37]

RCT

145

29.3

M 85

F 60

Not stated

Not stated

Home: 3 (0.25)

Clinic: 14 (1.17)

Mod

High

Early (0–3)

Pre-operative, 1.5 and 3

ACL-QoL questionnaire, ROM, KT-2000, knee ROM in gait, isokinetic Fl and ext (180deg/sec)

Grant et al. (2010) [38]

RCT

88

33.7

M 58%

F 42%

Not stated

Not stated

Home: 3 (0.25)

Clinic: 14 (1.17)

Mod

High

Early (0–3)

26-53

ACL-QoL, ROM, KT-1000, IKDC knee evaluation form, isokinetic Fl and ext (60deg/sec)

Han et al. (2015) [39]

Retrospective

93

23

M 82

F 11

HS

Recreational athletes

Non-compliant: 3.6 (0.1)

Mod compliant: 10.7 (0.3)

Fully compliant: 17 (0.47)

Low

Mod

Mod

Late (0–9)

Pre-operative

9

Self-report RTS, Cincinnati sport activity level, Lysholm knee score, KOOS, SF-36, PCS, MCS

Hohmann et al. (2011) [40]

RCT

40

28.5

M 20

F 20

BPTB

Physically active

Home: 5 (0.10)

Clinic: 45 (0.86)

Low

High

Late (0–12)

1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12

Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity level scale, single hop for distance 6 m timed hop, vertical jump, isokinetic F and ext (120deg/sec), isometric ext (30deg)

Inacio et al. (2016) [41]

Retrospective

6385

28

M 4657 F 1728

HS/BPTB/allograft

Not stated

Medical encounters in days 1–90 and 91–180

N/A

Mid (0–6)

Mean 2.8 ± 1.8 years

Revisions within 6 months

Lim et al. (2019) [42]

Prospective

26

35.5

M 18

F 8

HS

Not stated

Home-based: 0 (0)

Supervised: 48 (2)

Low

High

Mid (0–6)

Pre-operative and 6

Isokinetic Fl and ext (60deg/sec and 180 deg/sec), Biodex stability system SD OSI

Miller et al. (2017) [43]

Retrospective

660

29.4

M 389

F 271

Not stated

Not stated

Minimal: < 9

Moderate: 9–14

High: > 15

Unable to determine

Mid (3+)

Admission and last formal PT visit

KOS-ADL, NPRS, age, sex, intervention charges, ACL revision rate, area deprivation index, payer mix

Przybylak et al. (2018) [44]

Prospective

50

30.5

M 37

F 13

HS/BPTB

Recreational athletes

Home: 6 (0.12)

Supervised: 48 (0.92)

Low

High

Late (0–12)

Pre-operative and 12

Kujal’s Scoring questionnaire, Tegner activity scale, KOOS, ROM, FMS

Revenas et al. (2009) [45]

RCT

51

22.5

M 33

F 18

HS / BPTB

Not stated

Guided therapy: 3 (0.07)

Knee class: 15 (0.33)

Low

Mod

Late (1.5–12)

Pre-operative 6 and 12

IKDC knee evaluation form, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity level scale, isometric ext (90deg), single hop for distance, ROM

Schenck et al. (1997) [46]

RCT

37

23.5

M 28

F 9

BPTB

Not stated

Home: 2.85 (0.12)Clinic: 14.2 (0.6)

Low

High

Mid (0–6)

Pre-operative, 3 and 12

ROM, Lysholm knee score, VAS pain, single hop for distance, KT-1000, SIP, level of activity, surgery satisfaction

Tracey et al. (1997) [47]

Retrospective

39

25.2

M 54

F 15

BPTB

Competitive recreational athletes (80%)

Home: 7.3 (0.30)

Minimally compliant subgroup: 12 (0.5)

Clinic: 60 (2.5)

Non-compliant subgroup: 1.7 (0.07)

Mod

Mod

High

Low

Mid (0–6)

16 (12–30)

ROM, anterior draw, Lachman's, pivot shift, Lysholm knee score, activity level (4 levels), surgery satisfaction

Ugutmen et al. (2008) [48]

RCT

104

31.5

M 103

F 1

HS

Not stated

Home: unspecified

Clinic: unspecified

Unspecified

0–8

Mean 21.1 (12–66)

Xray, MRI, subjective comments from patients, thigh atrophy

NPRS, effusion, ROM, KT-1000

PFJ pain and crepitation, Lachman's, pivot shift, anterior drawer, Lysholm knee score, HSS, IKDC knee evaluation form

Yu et al. (2017) [49]

Retrospective

42

21.4

M 39

F 3

BPTB

Not stated

Rupture: 18 (0.35)

No rupture: 18.6 (0.36)

Mod

Mod

0–12

N/A

Re-rupture