The Value of Preseason Screening for Injury Prediction: The Development and Internal Validation of a Multivariable Prognostic Model to Predict Indirect Muscle Injury Risk in Elite Football (Soccer) Players

Hughes, Tom; Riley, Richard D.; Callaghan, Michael J.; Sergeant, Jamie C.

doi:10.1186/s40798-020-00249-8

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 3 Characteristics of included participants in the primary analysis

From: The Value of Preseason Screening for Injury Prediction: The Development and Internal Validation of a Multivariable Prognostic Model to Predict Indirect Muscle Injury Risk in Elite Football (Soccer) Players

Characteristic/candidate prognostic factor	Measurement method	Data type	Freq. (%) if categorical	Min	Lower quartile	Median	Upper quartile	Max	Missing values n (%)
Anthropometrics
Age at PHE (years)	Birthdate	Cont.	-	16.01	17.80	19.69	23.56	39.59	0 (0)
Height (cm)	Standing height	Cont.	-	164.3	176.0	180.0	185.5	195.0	18 (5.68)
Weight (kg)	Digital scales	Cont.	-	56.8	69.2	73.6	80.0	94.0	18 (5.68)
BMI (kg/m²)	Calculated using the formula: kg/m²	Cont.	-	18.1	21.8	22.7	23.7	29.1	23 (7.26)
Past medical history
Freq. of previous IMIs in 3 years prior to PHE	Medical records	Dis./cont.	-	0	0	1	2	7	0 (0)
Most recent previous IMI in 3 years prior to PHE
Never	Medical records	Cat.	143 (45.11)	-	-	-	-	-	0 (0)
< 6 months	Medical records	Cat.	48 (15.14)	-	-	-	-	-	0 (0)
6–12 months	Medical records	Cat.	52 (16.40)	-	-	-	-	-	0 (0)
> 12 months	Medical records	Cat.	74 (23.34)	-	-	-	-	-	0 (0)
Musculoskeletal examination
PROM hip internal rotation difference (deg.)	Supine ROM test with digital inclinometer	Cont.	-	− 25.0	− 3.0	0.0	5.0	20.0	20 (6.31)
PROM hip external rotation difference (deg.)	Supine ROM test with digital inclinometer	Cont.	-	− 20.0	− 5.0	0.0	5.0	25.0	20 (6.31)
Hip flexor length difference (deg.)	Thomas test with digital inclinometer	Cont.	-	− 20.0	− 2.0	0.0	3.0	14.0	23 (7.26)
Hamstring length/neural mobility difference (deg.)	SLR with digital inclinometer	Cont.	-	− 20.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15.0	23 (7.26)
Calf muscle length difference (deg.)	WBL with digital inclinometer	Cont.	-	− 20.0	− 2.0	0.0	3.0	15.0	20 (6.31)
Lower extremity power
CMJ power (watts)	CMJ using force platform	Cont.	-	2625.0	3707.0	4150.0	4662.0	6577.0	42 (13.25)

PHE periodic health examination, I-IMI index indirect muscle injury, IMI indirect muscle injury, min minimum, max maximum, n observations, Freq frequency, WBL weight bearing lunge, CMJ countermovement jump, ROM range of movement, PROM passive range of movement, deg. degrees, SLR straight leg raise, BMI body mass index, kg/m² kilograms/body height (metres) squared, cm centimetres, kg kilograms, Cont. continuous, dis./cont. discrete treated as continuous, cat. categorical

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