Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Alvarez et al. 2016 [12]

45 ± 2

I: 7.0 ± 0.5

C: 7.4 ± 0.5

Untrained

Overweight and obesity

No

Post-exercise hypoglycemia

89

I: 0%

C: 29%

Belli et al. 2011 [28]

54 ± 2

I: 6.8 ± 0.4

C: 7.2 ± 0.5

Untrained

NR

No

NR

92

I: 33%

C: 20%

Kadoglou et al. 2007 [35]

61 ± 4

I: − 0.6 ± 0.4*

C: 0.3 ± 0.1*

Untrained

NR

No

No

NR

I: 3%

C: 11%

Kadoglou et al. 2012 [44]

58 ± 6

I: − 0.6 ± 0.1*

C: − 0.05 ± 0.01*

Untrained

Overweight and obesity

Standard nutritional prescription, orientation

No

NR

I: 10%

C: 14%

Lambers et al. 2008 [29]

54 ± 8

I: 7.4 ± 1.7

C: 6.7 ± 0.9

NR

Obesity, cardiovascular risk

No

Hypoglycemia

85%

I: 28%

C: 17%

Mitranun et al. 2014 [23]

61 ± 2

I (Interval): 7.6 ± 0.3

I (Continuous): 7.7 ± 2.0

C: 7.8 ± 2.0

Untrained

NR

No

NR

At least 80%

I: 7%

C: 13%

Negri et al. 2010 [30]

65 ± 5

I: 7.5 ± 0.2

C: 7.4 ± 0.5

Untrained

NR

No

Hypoglycemia

At least 50%

I: 33%

C: 5%

Oliveira et al. 2012 [31]

52 ± 9

I: 7.4 ± 1.8

C: 7.0 ± 0.7

Untrained

NR

No

Hypoglycemia, hypotension

NR

I: 11%

C: 31%

Sentinelli et al. 2014 [32]

57 ± 7

I: 7.1 ± 1.3

C: 7.1 ± 1.3

Untrained

NR

No

NR

NR

I: 0%

C: 0%

Tomar et al. 2013 [33]

43 ± 10

I: 8.3 ± 3.5

C: 8.9 ± 5.9

Untrained

NR

No

No

100%

I: 17%

C: 0%

Vancea et al. 2009 [45]

57 ± 6

I: − 0.8 ± 1.4*

C: − 0.3 ± 0.4*

NR

NR

No

NR

NR

NR

Yavari et al. 2012 [34]

49 ± 8

I: 8.5 ± 1.1

C: 8.7 ± 1.1

Untrained

NR

No

NR

80%

I: 19%

C: 19%

Blonk et al. 1994 [36]

58.7*

I: − 1.0 ± 4.7*

C: − 0.1 ± 9.5*

NR

NR

Yes

NR

NR

I: 12%

C: 15%

Church et al. 2010 [20]

56 ± 8

I: 7.5 ± 0.6

C: 7.61 ± 0.64

Untrained

NR

No

No

NR

NR

Emereziani et al. 2015 [37]

66 ± 4

I: 6.7 ± 1.6

C: 7.0 ± 1.5

Untrained

NR

Yes

NR

NR

NR

Giannopoulou et al. 2005 [38]

57 ± 2

I: 6.8 ± 0.5

C: 7.3 ± 0.5

Untrained

Obesity

Yes

NR

NR

I: 21%

C: 39%

Jorge et al. 2011 [22]

53 ± 9

I: 7.6 ± 1.7

C: 6.9 ± 0.7

Untrained

Overweight and obesity

No

NR

97%

I: 10%

C:31%

Karstoft et al. 2013 [21]

58 ± 2

I (Continuous): 6.6 ± 0.2

I (Interval): 6.9 ± 0.2

Control: 6.4 ± 0.2

Untrained

NR

No

NR

89%

I: 9%

C: 0%

Kwon et al. 2011 [39]

65 ± 6

I: 7.5 ± 0.7

C: 7.2 ± 0.8

Untrained

Overweight

No

NR

NR

I: 9%

C: 0%

Midlebrooke et al. 2006 [40]

63 ± 7

I: 6.8 ± 0.9

C: 7.2 ± 1.1

Physically active and untrained

Proliferative retinopathy, sensory neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, microalbuminuria

No

No

80%

I: 47%

C: 0%

Nuttamonwarakul et al. 2012 [46]

> 60

I: 7.7 ± 1.1

C: 7.6 ± 0.2

NR

NR

No

NR

NR

NR

Parra-Sanchez et al. 2015 [41]

72 ± 4

I: 7.0 ± 0.9

C: 7.3 ± 1.1

Untrained

NR

No

No

NR

I: 6%

C: 22%

Shenoy et al. 2009 [42]

55 ± 5

I: 8.1 ± 0.9

C: 7.8 ± 0.9

Untrained

NR

No

No

NR

NR

Yan et al. 2014 [43]

54 ± 2

I: 8.8 ± 0.5

C: 8.4 ± 0.9

Physically active

NR

No

NR

NR

NR