Table 3 Clinical studies: failure rate and a brief conclusion per study
Study | Technique | Failures | Brief conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|
Bieri et al. [31] | DIS | 5 DIS and 4 ACLR revisions due to traumatic re-injuries and one DIS revision due to chronic instability. | Acceptable treatment option for ACL rupture |
Büchler et al. [38] | DIS | Three re-ruptures during the first postoperative year. | Low re-rupture rate, satisfactory functional recovery. |
Eggli et al. [39] | DIS | Two re-ruptures at 5 months and 4.2 years after surgery. | Excellent outcomes and satisfaction of patients. |
Evangelopoulos et al. [40] | DIS | Re-rupture with subsequent instability in 6 patients without collagen application, and extension loss in 11 patients. | Additional application of a collagen membrane on ACL superior to solitary DIS. |
Kösters et al. [41] | DIS | -One traumatic re-rupture. -Two removals of the monoblock and arthroscopic arthrolysis due to restricted RoM. | DIS with microfracturing of notch could biomechanically and biologically promote self-healing of a ruptured ACL. |
Henle et al. [20] | DIS | Eight re-ruptures of the ACL, 3 mechanical insufficiencies. | DIS with anatomical repositioning and microfracturing, resulted in clinically stable healing. |
Murray et al. [32] | BEAR | No differences in effusion or pain, no failures by Lachman examination criteria. | Low rate of adverse reactions. |
Smith et al. [33] | Internal brace | None | Satisfactory alternative to ACL reconstruction, where an adequate ACL remnant allows direct repair. |
Achtnich et al. [34] | Suture anchors primary ACL repair | The failure rate was 15% in the ACL re-fixation group and 0% in the reconstruction group. | Re-fixation of the ACL is a feasible option in selected patients. |
DiFelice et al. [42] | Suture anchors primary ACL repair | None | Short-term clinical success in carefully selected patients with proximal avulsion-type tears and excellent tissue quality. |