The Effect of Fluid Intake Following Dehydration on Subsequent Athletic and Cognitive Performance: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

McCartney, Danielle; Desbrow, Ben; Irwin, Christopher

doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0079-y

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Characteristics of research studies evaluating athletic performance on intermittent exercise tasks

From: The Effect of Fluid Intake Following Dehydration on Subsequent Athletic and Cognitive Performance: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Citation	Participants	VO_{2 max}	Dh protocol (EX intensity); ambient temperature; duration	Total REC (min)	Dh trial BM loss (%)	Fluid type	Fluid assimilation time (min)	Fluid intake (L kg BM lost⁻¹)	Intermittent exercise task	Ambient temperature; RH; airflow	Performance outcomes(s)	Performance outcomes significantly affected (Hedges’ g)
Walsh et al. (1994b) [33]	6 M, endurance cyclists/triathletes	61.4 ± 4.4	EX (V); 30 °C; 60 min	15	1.8	NaCl + NNS	65	0.90	^aIST	NS	Max. velocity; lower limb force	No effect
Maxwell et al. (1999) [65]	11 M, untrained	NS	EX (M); 32 °C; 48 min	120	1.5	NaCl + NNS	208	1.55	^bMART	32 °C; 73%	Sprint duration	↑ (0.19)
Devlin et al. (2001a) [71]	7 M, sub-elite cricketers	56 ± 6	EX; 28 °C; 60 min	0	2.8	Water	60	0.80	^cMMRT	16 °C; 60%	20-m shuttle runs	↑ (0.30)
Cheuvont et al. (2006) [51]	8 M, physically active	52 ± 6	HT	Testing at 0, 30 and 60	2.7	Water	185–240	1.00	15 s WAnT	22 °C; 65%	Abs. mean PO; Rel. mean PO; Abs. PPO; Rel. PPO; rate of fatigue	No effect
Edwards et al. (2007a) [58]	11 M, moderately active soccer players	50.9 ± 4.0	EX; 19-25 °C; 90 min	0	2.4	Water	90	0.80	^dYo-Yo Test	NS	Distance covered	↑ (ES unknown)
Maxwell et al. (2009a) [22]	8 M, unacclimated, game players	59.9 ± 8.0	EX (H/M); 36 °C; 90 min	>12 h	3.9	Water	>12 h	1.50	^eIST	36 °C; 49%	TW; Abs. PPO; Rel. PPO (during the IST, RSB 1 and RSB 2)	TW (0.97) and Abs. PPO (0.79) ↑ on RSB 2 only.
Maxwell et al. (2009b) [22]	8 M, unacclimated, game players	59.9 ± 8.0	EX (H/M); 36 °C; 90 min	>12 h	3.9	Water	>12 h	1.00	^eIST	36 °C; 49%	TW; Abs. PPO; Rel. PPO (during the IST, RSB 1 and RSB 2)	No effect
Kraft et al. (2011) [75]	10 M	NS	WI	45	3.0	Water	158–178	1.00	^fIST	NS	Abs. mean PO; Abs. PPO; s >90 rpm; Rate of fatigue	No effect
Owen et al. (2013a) [59]	13 M, semi-professional soccer players	54 ± 3	EX; 19 °C; 105 min	5	2.5	Water	110	0.89	^dYo-Yo Test	19 °C; 59%	Distance covered	No effect
Owen et al. (2013b) [59]	13 M, semi-professional soccer players	54 ± 3	EX; 19 °C; 105 min	5	2.5	Water	110	0.51	^dYo-Yo Test	19 °C; 59%	Distance covered	No effect

Exercise intensity is described as high (H), vigorous (V) or moderate (M), in accordance with classifications outlined by Norton et al. [86]. Values are Hedges’ g effect sizes
Abs. absolute, Dh dehydration, ES effect size, EX exercise, HT heat, IST intermittent sprint test, MART maximal anaerobic running test, Max. maximum, MMRT maximal multistage running test, NNS non-nutritive sweetener, NS not specified, PO power output, PPO peak power output, RH relative humidity, Rel. relative, Total REC time from completing the dehydration protocol to commencing the subsequent task, TW total work, WAnT Wingate Anaerobic Test, WI warm water immersion
^aThe intermittent sprint test (IST) comprised of five 5-s sprints at 3-min intervals on a cycle ergometer
^bThe maximal anaerobic running test (MART) involved repeated 20-s runs on a treadmill, at increasing intensities, with 100-s passive recovery between runs until volitional exhaustion
^cThe maximal multistage running test (MMRT) involved repeated 20-m runs between two points, at increasing intensity
^dThe Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test is a soccer-specific performance test that comprises of 20-m shuttle runs separated by 10 s jog recovery. Running speed during the test is incremental, and maximal performance is indicated by total distance covered
^eThe IST comprised of a 36-min repeated sprint exercise divided into 2-min periods of a 4-s sprint and 100 s of active recovery (35% VO2 _max) and 16 s passive rest. A repeated sprint bout (RSB) involving 5 × 2 s sprints with 18 s active recovery was also completed after the 8th and 16th sprints (RSB 1 and RSB 2). All testing was completed on a cycle ergometer
^fThe IST comprised of a 3-min warm up followed by 6 × 15 s maximal sprints separated by 30 s active recovery on a cycle ergometer

Back to article page