Table 1 Patient demographics and outcomes treated by image-guided hyaluronic acid injection
OA grade 2 (n = 58) | OA grade 3 (n = 98) | OA grade 4 (n = 51) | P value X 2 or ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean, SD) | 56.3 ± 12.4 | 64.0 ± 11.3 | 69.8 ± 12.2 | P < 0.0001 |
Male gender (n, [%]) | 20 (35 %) | 41 (42 %) | 21 (42 %) | P = 0.62 |
Body mass index (mean, SD) | 29.6 ± 6.5 | 31.2 ± 6.5 | 34.6 ± 9.3 | P < 0.01 |
Never smoked (n, [%]) | 49 (85 %) | 86 (88 %) | 42 (82 %) | P = 0.29 |
Physical therapy (n, [%]) | 27 (47 %) | 44 (45 %) | 20 (39 %) | P = 0.72 |
Daily analgesics (n, [%]) | 23 (40 %) | 41 (42 %) | 26 (51 %) | P = 0.39 |
Knee bracing (n, [%]) | 20 (35 %) | 60 (61 %) | 31 (61 %) | P < 0.01 |
Fish oil (n, [%]) | 43 (74 %) | 64 (65 %) | 43 (84 %) | P = 0.05 |
Function index baseline (mean, SD) | 34.7 ± 16.1 | 46.0 ± 15.4 | 48.1 ± 13.3 | P < 0.0001 |
Index at 6 months (mean, SD) | 27.2 ± 15.9 | 26.3 ± 14.9 | 36.4 ± 17.7 | P < 0.01 |
Mean improvement (±SD) | 6.7 ± 19.0 | 19.3 ± 16.8 | 12.5 ± 14.6 | P < 0.001 |
Percentage improvement (±SD) | 19 % ± 32 % | 40 % ± 32 % | 26 % ± 31 % | P < 0.001 |
>9-point improvement (n, [%]) | 32 (55 %) | 67 (68 %) | 26 (51 %) | P = 0.07 |
Average pain baseline (mean, SD) | 5.5 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.1 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | P < 0.01 |
Pain at 6 months (mean, SD) | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 2.5 | P < 0.01 |
Mean improvement (mean, SD) | 1.66 ± 2.1 | 2.74 ± 2.5 | 2.3 ± 2.8 | P = 0.05 |
Percentage improvement (±SD) | 21 % ± 38 % | 40 % ± 37 % | 25 % ± 47 % | P = 0.04 |