The Night-Time Sleep and Autonomic Activity of Male and Female Professional Road Cyclists Competing in the Tour de France and Tour de France Femmes

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 5 Results of the linear mixed models examining variables across stage classifications in male cyclists

Variable	F	Df	p value
TRIMP (au)	12.60	1, 3	< .001
Daily strain (au)	70.58	1, 3	< .001
Sleep onset (hh:mm)	1.87	1, 4	.119
Sleep offset (hh:mm)	0.89	1, 4	.469
Time in bed (h)	2.67	1, 4	.034
Total sleep time (h)	1.46	1, 4	.217
Sleep efficiency (%)	0.47	1, 4	.756
Light sleep (%)	0.42	1, 4	.797
Slow wave sleep (%)	0.05	1, 4	.996
REM sleep (%)	0.79	1, 4	.531
Resting HR (beats·min⁻¹)	2.38	1, 4	.054
HRV-rMSSD (ms)	3.53	1, 4	.009

TRIMP training impulse, au arbitrary units, REM rapid eye movement, HR heart rate, HRV heart rate variability, rMSSD root mean square of successive differences, ms milliseconds