The Night-Time Sleep and Autonomic Activity of Male and Female Professional Road Cyclists Competing in the Tour de France and Tour de France Femmes

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 4 Results of the linear mixed models examining variables across weeks of the race in male cyclists

Variable	F	df	p value
TRIMP (au)	2.85	1, 2	.062
Daily strain (au)	29.87	1, 3	< .001
Sleep onset (hh:mm)	0.50	1, 3	.684
Sleep offset (hh:mm)	1.46	1, 3	.228
Time in bed (h)	0.28	1, 3	.841
Total sleep time (h)	0.85	1, 3	.470
Sleep efficiency (%)	0.80	1, 3	.496
Light sleep (%)	1.28	1, 3	.285
Slow wave sleep (%)	0.34	1, 3	.800
REM sleep (%)	2.33	1, 3	.077
Resting HR (beats·min⁻¹)	1.13	1, 3	.339
HRV-rMSSD (ms)	1.14	1, 3	.337

TRIMP training impulse, au arbitrary units, REM rapid eye movement, HR heart rate, HRV heart rate variability, rMSSD root mean square of successive differences, ms milliseconds