Fig. 7

Forest plot of muscle activation magnitude comparing CAI with control. Kim et al., 2012a (prone), b(bipedal) and c(unipedal) [52]; Song and Wang, 2018a (before landing) and b (inversion perturbation after landing) [53]. CAI chronic ankle instability, CON control, CI confidence interval, SMD standardised mean difference. Negative SMD indicates activation deficits in CAI