Table 4 The effects of running on health outcomes: results of 14 meta-analyses
Health outcome | n* | d†| 95% CI‡ | p§ | I2 (%)∥ | τ2¶ | Q** | p††| 95% PI‡‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body mass (kg) | 128 (5) |  –2.47 |  –5.65, 0.71 | 0.128 | 92.2 | 11.96 | 80.06 |  < 0.001 |  –9.96, 5.02 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 116 (5) |  –0.82 |  –1.83, 0.19 | 0.111 | 89.7 | 1.16 | 69.24 |  < 0.001 |  –3.16, 1.52 |
Body fat mass (kg) | 128 (5) |  –2.10 |  –3.44, –0.77 | 0.002 | 77.8 | 1.69 | 26.05 |  < 0.001 |  –4.98, 0.77 |
Body fat percentage | 128 (5) |  –1.89 |  –2.67, –1.12 |  < 0.001 | 35.7 | 0.27 | 5.51 | 0.239 |  –3.18, –0.61 |
Lean body mass (kg) | 128 (5) |  –0.39 |  –2.28, 1.50 | 0.686 | 89.8 | 4.15 | 34.30 |  < 0.001 |  –4.80, 4.03 |
Lean mass of legs (kg) | 52 (3) | 0.03 |  –0.82, 0.87 | 0.951 | 60.9 | 0.34 | 5.11 | 0.078 |  –1.40, 1.45 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 120 (5) |  –0.10 |  –0.25, 0.06 | 0.227 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3.24 | 0.518 |  –0.25, 0.06 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 120 (5) | 0.01 |  –0.04, 0.05 | 0.780 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 7.23 | 0.124 |  –0.04, 0.05 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 119 (5) |  –0.03 |  –0.17, 0.12 | 0.718 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1.40 | 0.844 |  –0.17, 0.12 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87 (4) |  –2.29 |  –5.27, 0.68 | 0.130 | 12.6 | 1.26 | 3.14 | 0.371 |  –5.99, 1.41 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87 (4) |  –2.17 |  –6.09, 1.75 | 0.278 | 56.2 | 8.73 | 6.59 | 0.086 |  –9.17, 4.82 |
Resting heart rate (bpm) | 55 (3) |  –7.06 |  –10.79, –3.32 |  < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.928 |  –10.79, –3.32 |
VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 111 (4) | 5.75 | 2.59, 8.91 |  < 0.001 | 81.1 | 8.28 | 14.09 | 0.003 |  –0.72, 12.21 |
Peak ventilation (L/min) | 79 (3) | 12.97 | 6.44, 19.50 |  < 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |  > 0.999 | 6.44, 19.50 |