Fig. 1

Schematic representation of the glycogenesis pathway in skeletal muscle. ADP = adenosine diphosphate; AMPK = adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; Ca²⁺  = calcium ions; G1P = glucose-1-phosphate; G6P = glucose-6-phosphate; GLUT-4 = glucose transporter-4; IRS-1 = insulin receptor substrate-1; NO = nitric oxide; PI-3-kinase = phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKC = protein kinase C; UDP = uridine diphosphate. From Jentjens and Jeukendrup [32]. The reader is also directed to the following reviews for further detail on the current understanding of the physiological processes and determinants of glycogenesis [8, 12, 33, 34]. Material is not part of the governing OA license but has been reproduced with permission. Determinants of Post-Exercise Glycogen Synthesis During Short-Term Recovery, Jentjens et al., Sports Medicine, 33, Springer Nature, 2012, reproduced with permission from SNCSC