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Table 1 Patient demographics and the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio in patients who returned to preinjury sport level

From: No Association Between Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Strength Ratio and Second ACL Injuries After Accounting for Prognostic Factors: A Cohort Study of 574 Patients After ACL-Reconstruction

 

Total (n = 574)

Re-injury within 2 years from RTS (n = 64)

No re-injury within 2 years (n = 510)

Difference between groups Mean (95% CI)

p value

Sex, n (%)

     

Female

287 (50.0%)

26 (40.6%)

261 (51.2%)

− 10.6 (− 24.2; 3.1)

0.14

Age at primary reconstruction (years)

24.0 (9.4)

19.8 (4.7)

24.6 (9.7)

− 4.8 (− 7.2; − 2.4)

0.002

Body Mass Index, (kg/m2)

23.6 (3.1)

23.8 (5.0)

23.6 (2.8)

0.2 (− 0.7; 1.0)

0.51

Graft choice, n (%)

     

 Hamstring tendon autograft

463 (82.7%)

56 (90.3%)

407 (81.7%)

8.6 (− 0.4; 17.6)

0.12

 Patellar tendon autograft

97 (17.3%)

6 (9.7%)

91 (18.3%)

  

Time to return to preinjury sport level (months)

12.8 (5.9) (12.2; 13.3)

11.7 (4.7) (10.6; 12.9)

12.9 (6.0) (12.4; 13.5)

− 1.2 (− 2.8; 0.3)

0.13

Side of second ACL injury (%)

     

 Ipsilateral

 

36 (56.3%)

   

 Contralateral

 

28 (43.8%)

   

HQ-ratio (ACL reconstructed side) (%)

58.5 (12.3) (57.5; 59.5)

55.2 (10.6) (52.6; 57.9)

58.9 (12.4) (57.8; 60.0)

− 3.65 (− 6.78; − 0.44)

0.026

HQ-ratio (uninjured side) (%)

54.7 (7.8) (54.1; 55.4)

53.5 (8.9) (51.2; 55.7)

54.9 (7.6) (54.2; 55.6)

− 1.44 (− 3.51; 0.47)

0.16

Difference in HQ-ratio between the ACL reconstructed and uninjured leg (%)

3.73 (11.34) (2.80; 4.66)

1.78 (10.56) (− 0.86; 4.42)

3.98 (11.43) (2.98; 4.97)

− 2.20 (− 5.31; 0.76)

0.14

Relative peak torque of hamstrings strength, reconstructed (N m kg−1)

1.52 (0.31) (1.49; 1.54)

1.46 (0.33) (1.38; 1.54)

1.52 (0.31) (1.50; 1.55)

− 0.06 (− 0.14; 0.02)

0.14

Relative peak torque of quadriceps strength, reconstructed (N m kg−1)

2.64 (0.50) (2.60; 2.68)

2.68 (0.54) (2.55; 2.81)

2.63 (0.50) (2.59; 2.68)

− 0.05 (− 0.09; 0.20)

0.49

Hamstrings LSI (%)

98.0 (12.1) (97.0; 99.0)

97.7 (12.4) (94.5; 100.8)

98.0 (12.1) (96.9; 99.0)

− 0.35 (− 3.80; 2.79)

0.86

Quadriceps LSI (%)

92.9 (12.5) (91.8; 93.9)

95.0 (12.8) (91.8; 98.2)

92.6 (12.5) (91.5; 93.7)

2.44 (− 0.59; 5.79)

0.13

  1. A bold p-value indicates a significance (p < 0.05). For categorical variables, n (%) is presented. For continuous variables, the mean (SD)/ (95% CI for mean) is presented
  2. ACL anterior cruciate ligament, CI confidence intervals, HQ hamstrings-to-quadriceps, kg kilograms, LSI limb symmetry index, M meters, n numbers, N m Newton meters
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