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Table 1 Anthropometric characteristics of the four experimental groups

From: The Impact of Excessive Body Weight and Foot Pronation on Running Kinetics: A Cross-Sectional Study

 

NN (n = 22)

NP (n = 21)

ON (n = 21)

OP (n = 20)

Female/male

12/10

12/9

9/12

8/12

Overweight/Obese

0/0

0/0

17/4

15/5

Age (years)

23.2 ± 2.9

23.6 ± 4.2

25.0 ± 4.4*

26.4 ± 5.7*

Body height (cm)

170.4 ± 11.1

171.2 ± 9.3

170.0 ± 10.6

169.1 ± 10.5

Body mass (kg)

62.8 ± 8.5

64.4 ± 9.6

82.4 ± 9.0*

84.0 ± 15.1*

BMI (kg/m2)

21.5 ± 1.4

21.8 ± 1.9

28.7 ± 4.0*

29.1 ± 3.0*

Nav. Drop (cm)

5.8 ± 1.3

12.0 ± 1.5†

6.7 ± 1.5

12.5 ± 1.8†

Lower limbs length difference (mm)

1.2 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 1.1

1.0 ± 0.7

Foot posture index

3.8 ± 0.8

10.8 ± 0.7†

3.6 ± 1.0

10.9 ± 0.9†

  1. NN = non-excessive body weight/non-pronated foot; NP = non-excessive body weight/pronated foot; ON = excessive body weight/ non-pronated foot; OP = excessive body weight/pronated foot Nav. Drop = Navicular drop
  2. * denotes significant difference in relation to excessive body weight groups (ON and OP, p < 0.0001)
  3. † denotes significant difference in relation to pronated groups (NP and OP, p < 0.00001)