Table 2 Description of Initial Symptoms and Pre-hospital Management
Variables | All (n = 57) | Military divers (n = 14, 25%) | Recreational divers (n = 43, 75%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Time to onset of symptoms | ||||
Onset during dive, n (%) | 45 (79) | 12(86) | 33(77) | 0.2373 |
Onset after the dive, n (%) | 12 (21) | 2(14) | 10(23) | 0.2373 |
Onset immediately at emersion, n (%) | 7 (58) | 0(0) | 7(16) | 0.0535 |
Onset < 1h of emersion, n (%) | 3 (25) | 0(0) | 3(7) | 0.155 |
Onset > 1h of emersion, n (%) | 2 (17) | 2(14) | 0(0) | 0.058 |
Initial symptoms | ||||
Dyspnea, n (%) | 53 (93) | 14 (100) | 39 (91) | 0.1183 |
Cough, n (%) | 52 (91) | 14 (100) | 38 (88) | 0.0908 |
Sputum, n (%) | 44 (77) | 12 (86) | 32 (74) | 0.1918 |
Respiratory distress, n (%) | 11 (19) | 4 (29) | 7 (16) | 0.1557 |
Initial loss of consciousness, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.2057 |
Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.2824 |
Prehospital treatment | ||||
Normobaric oxygen therapy, n (%) | 41 (72) | 9 (64) | 32 (74) | 0.2318 |
Non-invasive ventilation, n (%) | 6 (11) | 3 (21) | 3 (7) | 0.0631 |
Orotracheal intubation, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.2824 |
Time from symptom to treatment, median (Q1–Q3), minutes | 11 (0–120) | 11 (0–116) | 16 (0–112,5) | 0.786 |
Time from symptom to hospital, median (Q1–Q3), minutes | 132 (98–194) | 103,5 (79,5–138,25) | 145 (101–204) | 0.875 |