Table 3 Hop test results and group differences between players who went on to sustain or did not sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury in female football players (n = 119)
Knee-healthy females at baseline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No ACL injury (n = 111) | ACL injury (n = 8)a | Mean differenceb (95% CI) | P valueb | Cohen’s d | |
Single hop for distance, cm | |||||
Dominant limb | 124 ± 18, 125 (25) | 139 ± 18, 141 (23) | − 15 (− 28 to − 2) | 0.040 | − 0.38 |
Nondominant limb | 125 ± 17, 125 (6) | 140 ± 13, 141 (7) | − 14 (− 27 to − 2) | 0.019 | − 0.44 |
Height adjusted (jump length/height) | |||||
Dominant limb | 0.74 ± 0.11, 0.76 (0.15) | 0.83 ± 0.10, 0.83 (0.12) | − 0.08 (− 0.16 to − 0.01) | 0.057 | − 0.35 |
Nondominant limb | 0.75 ± 0.10, 0.75 (0.13) | 0.83 ± 0.07, 0.83 (0.07) | − 0.08 (− 0.16 to − 0.01) | 0.019 | − 0.44 |
5-Jump test, cm | |||||
Both limbs | 903 ± 89, 902 (125) | 975 ± 72, 988 (113) | − 71 (− 135 to − 8) | 0.026 | − 0.42 |
Height adjusted (jump length/height) | |||||
Both limbs | 5.40 ± 0.51, 5.41 (0.67) | 5.80 ± 0.38, 5.84 (0.71) | − 0.39 (− 0.76 to − 0.03) | 0.033 | − 0.40 |
Side hop, n | |||||
Dominant limb | 38 ± 13, 38 (23) | 48 ± 12, 44 (24) | − 9 (− 19 to 0) | 0.044 | − 0.38 |
Nondominant limb | 37 ± 14, 35 (23) | 49 ± 11, 51 (18) | − 12 (− 22 to − 2) | 0.013 | − 0.47 |
Height adjusted (number of hops/height) | |||||
Dominant limb | 0.23 ± 0.08, 0.22 (0.14) | 0.28 ± 0.06, 0.26 (0.13) | − 0.05 (− 0.11 to 0.00) | 0.046 | − 0.37 |
Nondominant limb | 0.22 ± 0.08, 0.21 (0.14) | 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.30 (0.10) | − 0.07 (− 0.13 to − 0.01) | 0.016 | − 0.45 |
Limb symmetry index, % | |||||
Single hop for distance | 101 ± 8, 100 (9) | 101 ± 7, 100 (8) | 0 (− 6 to 6) | 0.865 | 0.03 |
Side hop | 98 ± 17, 98 (17) | 105 ± 15, 102 (28) | − 7 (− 19 to 5) | 0.286 | − 0.20 |