Skip to main content
Sports Medicine - Open

Table 1 Participant characteristics (mean ± SD)

From: Effect of Small and Large Energy Surpluses on Strength, Muscle, and Skinfold Thickness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Parallel Groups Design

 

All (n = 17)

MOD (n = 6)

HIGH (n = 5)

MAIN (n = 6)

Pre

Post

Change

Pre

Post

Change

Pre

Post

Change

Pre

Post

Change

Age (y)

27.2 ± 3.8

  

28.8 ± 2.6

  

28.6 ± 3.4

  

24.3 ± 3.9

  

Height (cm)

173.2 ± 7.5

  

174.0 ± 7.2

  

174.6 ± 6.2

  

171.3 ± 9.5

  

Body mass (kg)

77.5 ± 11.7

79.8 ± 12.1

2.3 ± 1.7

79.2 ± 7.2

82.5 ± 7.3

3.3 ± 0.8

82.6 ± 7.5

85.9 ± 6.9

3.3 ± 1.5

71.7 ± 16.3

72.1 ± 16.1

0.4 ± 0.5

Bench 1RM (kg)

98.4 ± 22.8

106.9 ± 23.9

8.5 ± 4.4

100.6 ± 29.3

107.9 ± 31.6

7.3 ± 3.3

103.6 ± 11.6

117.0 ± 11.1

13.4 ± 1.5

91.8 ± 24.8

97.5 ± 22.9

5.7 ± 3.9

Relative Bench (1RM/bm)

1.27 ± 0.21

1.34 ± 0.22

0.07 ± 0.05

1.26 ± 0.33

1.30 ± 0.35

0.04 ± 0.04

1.26 ± 0.11

1.36 ± 0.09

0.11 ± 0.02

1.28 ± 0.15

1.36 ± 0.16

0.08 ± 0.06

Squat 1RM (kg)

139.7 ± 33.9*

150.4 ± 33.4*

10.7 ± 6.8

137.0 ± 44.5*

148.6 ± 44.5*

11.6 ± 7.2

147.3 ± 25.6

158.0 ± 27.1

10.7 ± 27.1

135.7 ± 35.4

145.7 ± 33.0

10.0 ± 7.7

Relative Squat 1RM (1RM/bm)

1.80 ± 0.34*

1.89 ± 0.33*

0.09 ± 0.09

1.72 ± 0.52*

1.80 ± 0.50*

0.08 ± 0.08

1.78 ± 0.19

1.83 ± 0.22

0.06 ± 0.06

1.89 ± 0.29

2.02 ± 0.22

0.13 ± 0.12

Sum of 8 SF (cm)

80.9 ± 27.8

87.6 ± 31.9

6.7 ± 9.8

90.3 ± 28.1

100.2 ± 32.2

10.0 ± 9.0

77.6 ± 27.8

90.1 ± 28.8

12.4 ± 8.3

74.4 ± 29.9

73.0 ± 33.3

-1.4 ± 6.8

VL MT (cm)

2.61 ± 0.44

2.71 ± 0.36

0.10 ± 0.20

2.81 ± 0.55

2.95 ± 0.46

0.14 ± 0.16

2.43 ± 0.23

2.54 ± 0.17

0.11 ± 0.21

2.57 ± 0.43

2.62 ± 0.27

0.05 ± 0.24

Lat VI MT (cm)

2.33 ± 0.39

2.34 ± 0.32

0.01 ± 0.21

2.36 ± 0.25

2.38 ± 0.24

0.02 ± 0.13

2.52 ± 0.45

2.48 ± 0.45

-0.04 ± 0.19

2.15 ± 0.44

2.19 ± 0.24

0.03 ± 0.30

Ant VI MT

2.66 ± 0.62

2.87 ± 0.56

0.22 ± 0.42

2.36 ± 0.39

2.62 ± 0.59

0.26 ± 0.28

2.88 ± 0.80

2.99 ± 0.70

0.11 ± 0.35

2.77 ± 0.61

3.03 ± 0.37

0.26 ± 0.62

RF MT

2.63 ± 0.49

2.54 ± 0.47

-0.09 ± 0.39

2.61 ± 0.36

2.76 ± 0.43

0.15 ± 0.16

2.73 ± 0.83

2.52 ± 0.58

-0.21 ± 0.26

2.56 ± 0.28

2.34 ± 0.38

-0.22 ± 0.56

TB MT

4.71 ± 0.85

4.68 ± 0.90

-0.03 ± 0.47

5.05 ± 1.09

4.80 ± 1.14

-0.25 ± 0.57

4.79 ± 0.64

4.90 ± 0.66

0.11 ± 0.37

4.30 ± 0.68

4.38 ± 0.88

0.08 ± 0.39

BB MT

3.11 ± 0.57**

3.37 ± 0.55**

0.26 ± 0.36

3.15 ± 0.65*

3.35 ± 0.55*

0.19 ± 0.10

3.44 ± 0.37

3.79 ± 0.55

0.34 ± 0.54

2.73 ± 0.50*

2.98 ± 0.21*

0.25 ± 0.37

  1. *n = − 1, **n = − 2; see “Participants” section, one participant was unable to complete squat 1RM post-test, two participants did not have BB MT measurements
  2. 1RM one-repetition maximum, bm body mass, SF skin folds, lat lateral, VL vastus lateralis, MT muscle thickness, ant anterior, VI vastus intermedius, RF rectus femoris, TB triceps brachii, BB biceps brachii
Back to article page