Table 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Resistance Exercise Studies (PRIRES) checklist

Exercise selection, performance, and training parameters (a flowchart is recommended)

Exercise selection

1a

Provide the name and movement description of every exercise and report the exercises performed in each training session

Kassiano et al. [34]

1b

Provide enough information for readers to know whether the exercises were free-weight or machine-based, and unilateral or bilateral

Free-weight vs machine-based

Heidel et al. [35]

Unilateral vs bilateral

Moran et al. [36]

1c*

Report the range of motion of each exercise

Schoenfeld and Grgic [37]

Pallarés et al. [38]

Training frequency and length

2

Report the training frequency and length (e.g., 3 sessions/week × 12 weeks)

Schoenfeld et al. 2016 [39]

Ralston et al. [40]

Schoenfeld et al. [41]

Grgic et al. [42]

Ralston et al. [43]

Schoenfeld et al. [44]

Androulakis-Korakakis et al. [45]

Baz-Valle et al. [46]

Cuthbert et al. [47]

Baz-Valle et al. [48]

Warm-up and movement descriptions

3

Report the content of the warm-up and transition (minutes) before the main resistance exercise training

Ribeiro et al. [49]

Intensity

4a*

Report the absolute training intensity in % 1RM (1 repetition max), #RM, or % #RM (e.g., 75% 1RM, 10RM, or 90% 5RM)

Tschopp et al. [50]

Raymond et al. [51]

Csapo and Alegre [52]

Schoenfeld et al. [53]

Schoenfeld et al. [54]

Hansen et al. [55]

Grgic [56]

João et al. [57]

Souza et al. [58]

Lacio et al. [59]

Lopez et al. [60]

Refalo et al. [61]

Carvalho et al. [62]

4b

Report the subjective exercise intensity, e.g., the rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

Zhang et al. [63]

Hickmott et al. [64]

4c

If applicable, report the relative training intensity. For example, if a participant performs 5 repetitions of squat with 90 kg and their 5RM is 100 kg, then the relative intensity is 90 kg ÷ 100 kg = 90%

NSCA handbook [3]

Number of repetitions and the set endpoint

5a*

Report the number of repetitions per set

Androulakis-Korakakis et al. [45]

Hackett et al. [65]

5b*

Report whether the participants were asked to train to failure or not

Davies et al. [66]

Cerqueira et al. [67]

Vieira et al. [68]

Grgic et al. [69]

Vieira et al. [70]

5c

Clearly define the set endpoint. For example, the set could be defined to have ended when the participants determined that they could not complete the next repetition (i.e., self-determined repetition maximum). See Steele et al. [27] for detail

Steele et al. [27]

Exercise sequence and the structure of sets

6a

Exercise sequence:

Report the sequence of all resistance exercises. If the session included multiple sets, report whether the sequence was traditional (e.g., squat set 1 → squat set 2 → deadlift set 1 → deadlift set 2) or circuit (e.g., squat set 1 → deadlift set 1 → squat set 2 → deadlift set 2). If other training methods were used, such as super-set, complex and contrast training, and multiple-joint to single-joint, report the exercise sequence in detail

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

Nunes et al. [72]

6b

Structure of set:

If an alternative set structure (i.e., cluster set and rest redistribution) was used, report the method in detail. Describe the intra-set and inter-repetition rest intervals if applicable

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

Latella et al. [73]

Jukic et al. [74]

Davies et al. [75]

Jukic et al. [76]

6c

Number of sets:

Report the number of sets per exercise per training session

Durall et al. [77]

Bågenhammar and Hansson [78]

Krieger [79]

Krieger [80]

Ralston et al. [40]

Schoenfeld et al. [41]

Ralston et al. [81]

Androulakis-Korakakis et al. [45]

Baz-Valle et al. [46]

Baz-Valle et al. [48]

Rest interval between sets and exercises

7*

Report the rest interval between sets and exercises

Grgic et al. [82]

Grgic et al. [83]

da Silva et al. [84]

Movement tempo

8a*

Report the tempo of resistance exercises in each phase, including but not limited to the durations in eccentric, transition, and concentric phases and the duration between each repetition. If no introduction was provided, state so

Tschopp et al. [50]

Schoenfeld et al. [85] Davies et al. [86]

Hackett et al. [87]

da Rosa Orssatto et al. [88]

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

8b

If applicable, describe how the tempo was set

Movement velocity

9

Report the movement velocity if recorded

Larsen et al. [89]

Zhang et al. [63]

Liao et al. [90]

Hickmott et al. [64]

Orange et al. [91]

Zhang et al. [92]

Attentional focus

10*

If applicable, describe the attentional focus strategy, e.g., external focus

Grgic et al. [93]

Grgic and Mikulic [94]

Concentric or eccentric-focused training

11a*

If non-traditional resistance training (with both concentric and eccentric phases) was used, report the phase emphasized

Roig et al. [95]

Douglas et al. [96]

Schoenfeld et al. [97]

Molinari et al. [98]

Buskard et al. [99]

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

11b

If applicable, describe the method used to emphasize the concentric/eccentric phase of muscle action, e.g., a longer duration of eccentric phase per repetition

11c

If the accentuated eccentric loading method was used (i.e., the load was higher during the eccentric phase than during the concentric phase), report the method used to attain the supramaximal eccentric load

Drop set

12

If applicable, report the number and structure of the drop sets

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

Inter-set intervention

13*

If an inter-set strategy was used (instead of having typical rests between sets), report the method

Latella et al. [100]

Training program and progression

 Progression

14a

Describe in detail the decision rule(s) used for determining exercise progression

Adapted from CERT item 7a

14b

Describe in detail how the exercise program progressed

Adapted from CERT item 7b

 Autoregulation method

15

If autoregulation training was used, e.g., autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise, rating of perceived exertion, and velocity-based training programs, report the method

APRE program

Larsen et al. [89]

Zhang et al. [63]

RPE program

Larsen et al. [89]

Zhang et al. [63]

Hickmott et al. [64]

VBT program

Larsen et al. [89]

Zhang et al. [63]

Liao et al. [90]

Hickmott et al. [64]

Orange et al. [91]

Zhang et al. [92]

 Programming/ periodization

16

Report the resistance training program (i.e., manipulation of parameters such as intensity and volume). If used, report the model of programming/periodization, e.g., daily undulating and weekly undulating methods

Harries et al. [101]

Grgic et al. et al. [102]

Williams et al. [103]

Grgic et al. [104]

Moesgaard et al. [105]

Exercise setting

 Equipment

17

Describe in detail the type of exercise equipment used

Adapted from CERT item 1

 Location

18

Describe the setting in which the exercises were performed

Adapted from CERT item 12

 Supervision

19

Report whether the resistance training was supervised or not. If the resistance training was supervised, report the ratio of instructor to participants

Adapted from CERT item 4

 Time

20

Report the time of training (e.g., 10:00–11:00)

Grgic et al. [106]

 Blood flow restriction

21a

If blood flow restriction was used, describe the pressure modality:

1. Intermittent or continuous (minutes)

2. Pressure (#mm Hg or % of arterial occlusion pressure)

3. Cuff width (cm)

4. Where the pressure was applied

5. The inflator device

Domingos and Polito [107]

Lixandrão et al. [108]

Krzysztofik et al. [71]

Centner and Lauber [109]

Cuyul-Vásquez et al. [110]

Ferlito et al. [111]

Grønfeldt et al. [112] Cerqueira et al. [113]

Cerqueira et al. [67]

de Queiros et al. [114]

Liu et al. [115]

Nitzsche et al. [116]

Rodrigo-Mallorca et al. [117]

Koc et al. [118]

21b

If blood flow restriction was used, report how, when, and at what position the arterial occlusion pressure was determined

 Elastic resistance training

22

If applicable, report the method and equipment used

Lopes et al. [119]

 Inertial resistance training

23

If applicable, report the method and equipment used

Vicens-Bordas et al. [120]

 Training in hypoxia

24

If applicable, report the setting in which the training occurred

Ramos-Campo et al. [121]

Planned vs. actual training

 Adherence

25

Describe how adherence or fidelity to the exercise intervention was assessed/measured, e.g., via drop-out rate and attendance rate

Adapted from CERT 16a

 Compliance and deviation

26

Describe the extent to which the intervention was delivered as planned. Report the deviation from the original exercise protocol

Adapted from CERT 16b