Behind the Curtain: Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression, Generalised Anxiety and Eating Disorders in 147 Professional Dancers from Six Opera Houses or State Theatres

Junge, Astrid; Hauschild, Anja

doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00638-9

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 4 Results of the multivariate regression analysis on the depression (PHQ-9) [28], generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) [30] and the eating disorder (EDE-QS) [32] scores of female and male dancers

From: Behind the Curtain: Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression, Generalised Anxiety and Eating Disorders in 147 Professional Dancers from Six Opera Houses or State Theatres

Variable (answer choices)	PHQ-9					GAD-7					EDE-QS
Variable (answer choices)	Beta	SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	p	Beta	SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	p	Beta	SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	p
Gender Female/male	− 0.122	0.667	− 1.444	1.201	0.856	− 0.252	0.849	− 1.937	1.432	0.767	− 5.186	1.826	− 8.808	− 1.563	0.005
Size of the company < 20/20–50/> 50 dancers	− 0.419	0.241	− 0.897	0.059	0.085	0.144	0.311	− 0.474	0.761	0.645	1.212	0.685	− 0.147	2.571	0.080
Type of dance Ballet/Contemporary/Revue	0.056	0.255	− 0.448	0.561	0.825	− 0.129	0.324	− 0.772	0.514	0.692	− 1.603	0.706	− 3.004	− 0.202	0.025
Age of dancer Years	0.044	0.039	− 0.033	0.121	0.257	− 0.098	0.049	− 0.195	− 0.002	0.046	− 0.002	0.111	− 0.222	0.218	0.988
Rank of dancer Principal dancer, soloist/Others	0.875	0.440	0.003	1.748	0.049	− 0.023	0.571	− 1.156	1.109	0.967	− 0.616	1.273	− 3.141	1.909	0.630
Body mass index Kg/m²	− 0.001	0.155	− 0.307	0.306	0.997	0.021	0.197	− 0.369	0.412	0.915	1.106	0.426	0.262	1.951	0.011
Severity of musculoskeletal pain^# Numerical rating scale 0–10	0.218	0.087	0.044	0.391	0.014	0.125	0.114	− 0.102	0.351	0.277	− 0.021	0.256	− 0.528	0.487	0.936
Chronic/recur. musculoskeletal pain No/Yes	− 0.158	0.486	− 1.123	0.807	0.746	0.950	0.613	− 0.266	2.165	0.124	− 0.201	1.384	− 2.945	2.543	0.885
Sleep problems (ASSQ) Sum score	0.201	0.070	0.061	0.341	0.005	− 0.106	0.093	− 0.290	0.078	0.256	0.064	0.208	− 0.348	0.477	0.758
Symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) Sum score					n/a	0.747	0.102	0.546	0.949	0.000	0.143	0.280	− 0.412	0.698	0.610
Symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) Sum score	0.460	0.063	0.336	0.585	0.000					n/a	0.266	0.218	− 0.167	0.699	0.226
Symptoms of eating disorders (EDE-QS) Sum score	0.018	0.035	− 0.051	0.086	0.610	0.053	0.044	− 0.034	0.140	0.226					n/a
Chronic/recurrent low mood No/Yes	2.218	0.667	0.895	3.541	0.001	− 0.081	0.894	− 1.855	1.693	0.928	− 1.364	1.992	− 5.314	2.585	0.495
Chronic/recurrent generalised anxiety No/Yes	0.273	0.552	− 0.821	1.367	0.622	2.675	0.653	1.381	3.969	0.000	− 0.708	1.569	− 3.820	2.404	0.653
Previously diagnosed with depression, anxiety, burnout or similar No/Yes	0.109	0.516	− 0.914	1.132	0.833	0.962	0.650	− 0.328	2.252	0.142	− 0.956	1.464	− 3.859	1.947	0.515
Previously diagnosed with eating disorder No/Yes	0.527	0.618	− 0.699	1.754	0.396	− 0.263	0.790	− 1.831	1.304	0.740	2.855	1.742	− 0.600	6.311	0.104
Need for psychotherapeutic support No/Previously/Currently	0.361	0.253	− 0.140	0.863	0.156	− 0.231	0.325	− 0.874	0.413	0.479	1.330	0.714	− 0.087	2.746	0.065

Results significant at p < 0.017 (Bonferroni corrected) are highlighted in bold
PHQ-9 depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire, GAD-7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, EDE-QS: Eating-Disorder-Examination-Questionnaire, NRS numeric rating scale, ASSQ Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire [37], # in the last 7 days, n/a not included

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