Effect of Tai Chi on Young Adults with Subthreshold Depression via a Stress–Reward Complex: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Summary of median scores and quartiles (in parentheses) and results of comparisons among groups and within group for the pre- and post-training assessments

Outcomes	Experimental group (n = 49)		Control group (n = 54)		Linear mixed model comparisons			Within-group comparisons (Post–Pre)
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Group	Time	Group × Time	Experimental	Control
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	P	P	P	P	P
PHQ-9^#	9.57 (4.11)	5.00 (3.00,7.00)	9.00 (6.00,12.00)	8.00 (6.00,10.00)	0.001*	0.050*	0.002*	0.001*	0.012*
GAD-7^#	7.73 (4.65)	3.00 (2.00,6.00)	7.00 (4.00,10.00)	6.00 (4.00,8.00)	0.017*	0.070	0.009*	0.001*	0.018*
SF-36^#	551.49 (91.18)	648.75 (577.08,670.62)	554.17 (503.34,639.38)	575.66 (80.05)	0.025*	0.049*	0.002*	0.001*	0.053
AUCg^#	5.72 (3.73)	4.05 (2.16,6.10)	3.75 (0.22,7.70)	3.39 (0.22,7.46)	0.398	0.956	0.010*	0.005*	0.785
AUCi^#	0.46 (− 0.10,2.82)	1.01 (− 0.17,2.76)	− 0.08 (− 0.19,1.17)	− 0.08 (− 0.23,2.75)	0.732	0.084	0.343	0.737	0.739
Putamen GMV	0.30 (0.04)	0.29 (0.04)	0.29 (0.03)	0.30 (0.03)	0.581	0.233	< 0.001*	0.001*	0.234

The data are presented as ‾x ± sd or median (P25, P75) according to the data distribution; #Data were examined using the Mann–Whitney U-test due to the abnormal data distribution; *Indicates statistically significant differences
AUCg area under the curve relative to the ground; AUCi area under the curve with respect to increase; GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; GMV gray matter volume; PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire; and SF-36 the medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey