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Table 4 Summary of the treatment, sex and period effects of the hormonal target analysis Post–Pre-TT, 3 h Post–Pre-TT and 3 h Post–Post-TT

From: Acute Effects of Single Versus Combined Inhaled β2-Agonists Salbutamol and Formoterol on Time Trial Performance, Lung Function, Metabolic and Endocrine Variables

Variable

Treatment effect

Sex effect

Period effect

Adrenaline

[ng/ml]

wg/f

(Post–Pre-TT)

Noradrenaline [ng/ml]

TGF-β

[ng/ml]

IGF-1

[ng/ml]

wg

ACTH

[ng/ml]

wg

NT-BNP

[pg/ml]

wg

Cortisol

[µg/dl]

Insulin

[mU/l]

wg

(Post–Pre-TT)

FSH

[IU/l]

wg/f

(3 h Post–Post-TT)

 

LH

[IU/l]

wg/f

(3 h Post–Pre-TT)

  1. TGF-β Transforming growth factor-β, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1, ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone, NT-BNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone, LH Luteinizing hormone, Wg whole group, f Female, m Male, 3 h-/Post–Pre-TT data compared between the lung function test time before and after the TT