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Fig. 2 | Sports Medicine - Open

Fig. 2

From: Acute Effects of Single Versus Combined Inhaled β2-Agonists Salbutamol and Formoterol on Time Trial Performance, Lung Function, Metabolic and Endocrine Variables

Fig. 2

Adapted from Zügel et al. [34]

Study participants completed four study arms after the initial preliminary testing (screening for inclusion criteria + time trial (TT) familiarization). On the testing days—20 min after the participants inhaled the study medication—the TT procedure started (15 min warm-up followed by a 5-min low-intensity interval and the 10-min TT), where participants cycled 10 min at the highest possible workload. Blood and urine were collected before, directly after as well as 3 h and 24 h post-TT, and respiratory testing was performed at 3 h and 24 h post-TT. A muscle biopsy was collected 3 h after the TT. The time between study arms was 5–8 days. BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; ECG 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG); CPX cardiopulmonary exercise test.

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