Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Strength, Balance and Falls in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 3 Effect of intervention types on overall balance

Intervention	SMD^a	95% CI	p-value
Step aerobic training	0.18	− 1.0; 0.64	0.66
Balance/ Functional training	0.48	− 1.19; 1.16	0.16
Three-dimensional (3D) training	1.31	0.25; 2.36	0.02
General physical activity	− 0.21	− 1.80; 1.37	0.79
Strength training	1.16	0.70; 1.62	< 0.01**
Strength–aerobic training	0.98	0. 12; 1.83	0.02
Strength–endurance training	0.11	− 1.07; 1.30	0.85
Whole-body vibration (WBV)	0.17	− 1.54; 1.88	0.85
Water-based training	− 0.28	− 2.04; 1.48	0.75

^aEffect sizes of intervention types compared to the control group
95% CI LB lower bound of 95% confidence interval, SMD standardized mean differences
^*Significant with p ≤ 0.05 ** highly significant with p ≤ 0.01