Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Strength, Balance and Falls in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Effect of intervention types on overall strength

Intervention type	SMD^a	95% CI	p-value
Step aerobic training	0.39	− 0.23; 0.99	0.22
Balance/ Functional training	0.57	− 0.03; 1.18	0.06
Three-dimensional (3D) training	0.79	− 0.70; 2.28	0.30
General PA	− 0.04	− 1.38; 1.30	0.95
Strength training	1.02	0.73; 1.30	< 0.01**
Strength–aerobic training	1.41	0.80; 2.02	< 0.01**
Strength–endurance training	0.92	0.49; 1.36	< 0.01**
Whole-body vibration (WBV)	0.47	− 0.42; 1.36	0.30
Water-based training	1.08	0.06; 2.09	0.04*

^aEffect sizes of intervention types compared to the control group
95% CI 95% confidence interval, SMD standardized mean differences, PA Physical activity
^* significant with p ≤ 0.05 ** highly significant with p ≤ 0.01