Table 3 Mean ± SD and the range of individual values of F₀, _RelF₀, v₀, P_max, _RelP_max and v_opt determined from the linear and curvilinear models, as well as effect sizes of the difference between models, associated to their interpretation and 95% confidence intervals in brackets

Linear model

Mean ± SD

1810 ± 339 N

25.6 ± 3.3 N kg⁻¹

3.52 ± 0.54 m s⁻¹

1570 ± 227 W

22.3 ± 1.7 W kg⁻¹

1.76 ± 0.27 m s⁻¹

[range]

[1421–2438]

[21.0–31.3]

[2.84–4.70]

[1282–1923]

[20.1–24.7]

[1.42–2.35]

Poly₂

Mean ± SD

1999 ± 418 N

28.2 ± 3.7 N kg⁻¹

3.69 m s⁻¹

1456 ± 212 W

20.7 ± 2.0 W kg⁻¹

1.99 ± 0.82 m s⁻¹

[range]

[1539–2664]

[22.3–34.2]

x

[1231–1801]

[17.6–24.0]

[1.30–3.94]

ANOVA

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

x

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.817

d

0.56

0.79

x

0.5

0.94

0.85

(Interpretation)

(Small)

(Moderate)

x

(Small)

(Moderate)

(Moderate)

[95%CI]

[0.77;0.35]

[0.55;1.03]

x

[0.32;0.68]

[0.64;1.25]

[0.76;2.46]

Hill’s_Eq

Mean ± SD

2052 ± 461 N

28.9 ± 4.0 N kg⁻¹

4.57 ± 0.84 m s⁻¹

1471 ± 211 W

20.9 ± 1.9 W kg⁻¹

1.84 ± 0.33 m s⁻¹

[range]

[1547–2716]

[22.3–34.8]

[3.55–5.91]

[1243–1812]

[18.4–24.2]

[1.52–2.53]

ANOVA

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.013

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p > 0.999

d

0.71

1

1.96

0.43

0.67

0.3

(Interpretation)

(Moderate)

(Moderate)

(Large)

(Small)

(Moderate)

(Small)

[95%CI]

[0.39;1.03]

[0.62;1.38]

[1.35;2.58]

[0.28;0.59]

[0.56;1.09]

[0.11;0.49]

F&M’s_Eq

Mean ± SD

2029 ± 443 N

28.6 ± 3.9 N kg⁻¹

5.22 ± 1.63 m s⁻¹

1459 ± 216 W

20.7 ± 2.0 W kg⁻¹

1.81 ± 0.35 m s⁻¹

[range]

[1535–2703]

[22.3–34.6]

[3.89–8.83]

[1224–1810]

[17.8–24.1]

[1.39–2.55]

ANOVA

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p > 0.999

d

0.65

0.91

3.17

0.49

0.82

0.18

(Interpretation)

(Moderate)

(Moderate)

(Very large)

(Small)

(Moderate)

(Trivial)

[95%CI]

[0.38;0.92]

[0.29;1.23]

[1.50;4.85]

[0.32;0.65]

[0.65;1.21]

[0.04;0.40]