Table 5 Outline of EMG studies
Study | Publication year | Themes | Number of participants | Speed of swimming | Number of EMG sensors used | Location of EMG sensors | Number of cameras Used | Dimensionality of analysis | Parameters measured |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conceição et al. [38] | 2013 | Neuromuscular activity Kinematics | 12 male national-level swimmers | Time trial | 4 | Biceps brachii Deltoid anterior Pectoralis major Triceps brachii | 2 | 2D | Stroke rate Stroke length Velocity La+ |
Conceição et al. [24] | 2014 | Fatigue Neuromuscular activity Kinematics | 9 male national-level swimmers | Time trial | 4 | Biceps brachii Deltoid anterior Pectoralis major Triceps brachii | 2 | 2D | Stroke rate Stroke length Velocity La+ Stroke index |
Conceição et al. [40] | 2019 | Neuromuscular activity Temporal patterns | 5 male national-level swimmers | Time trial | 4 | Biceps brachii Deltoid anterior Pectoralis major Triceps brachii | 2 | 2D | Temporal patterns Body undulation |
Guignard et al. [11] | 2015 | Neuromuscular activity Individual analysis | 1 female international-level swimmers 2 female national-level swimmers | Race pace simulation | 4 | Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior | NA | NA | Knee angle Ankle angle Thigh angle Stroke phases |
Olstad et al. [35] | 2017 | Neuromuscular activity Temporal analysis Experience-level comparison | 2 world-class male swimmers 2 national-elite male swimmers 2 world-class female swimmers 2 national-elite female swimmers | Race pace simulation | 8 | Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Trapezius Triceps brachii Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior | 6 | 3D | Stroke rate Stroke length Velocity Knee angle Maximal voluntary contraction Stroke phases |
Olstad et al. [13] | 2017 | Neuromuscular activity Kinematics Intensity differences | 4 elite male swimmers 5 elite female swimmers | Race pace simulation | 8 | Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Trapezius Triceps brachii Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior | 16 | 3D | Stroke rate Stroke length Velocity Knee angle Maximal voluntary contraction Stroke phases |
Vaz et al. [39] | 2016 | Neuromuscular activity Experience-level comparison | 4 elite male swimmers 4 elite female swimmers 4 beginner male swimmers 4 beginner female swimmers | Race pace simulation | 8 | Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Trapezius Triceps brachii Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior | 6 | 2D | Knee angle Stroke phases |