Outcome | All studies | Studies including a combined physical activity and diet intervention | Studies only including a physical activity intervention |
---|---|---|---|
Body fat percentage (%) | 0.55 (0.32–0.72)*** (n = 72) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.61 (0.28–0.82)** (n = 33) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.49 (0.16–0.73)** (n = 39) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |
BMI | 0.69 (0.49–0.82)*** (n = 58) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.79 (0.54–0.91)*** (n = 27) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.58 (0.23–0.79)** (n = 31) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |
Fat free mass (kg) | 0.57 (0.35–0.73)*** (n = 73) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.71 (0.43–0.87)*** (n = 33) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.43 (0.09–0.68)* (n = 40) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |
Fat mass (kg) | 0.58 (0.13–0.83)* (n = 48) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) | 0.68 (0.16–0.90)* (n = 33) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.27 (−0.36–0.73) (n = 15) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) |
Fat mass to fat free mass ratio | 0.69 (0.42–0.85)*** (n = 36) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) | 0.82 (0.58–0.93)*** (n = 21) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.30 (−0.33–0.75) (n = 15) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.50 (0.09–0.77)* (n = 27) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | – | |
Hip circumference (cm) | 0.51 (0.11–0.77)* (n = 27) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | – | |
Waist to hip ratio | 0.29 (−0.16–0.64) (n = 27) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | – | |
Sum of skin folds (cm) | 0.67 (0.37–0.85)*** (n = 30) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) | 0.73 (0.39–0.89)*** (n = 21) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.49 (−0.26–0.87) (n = 9) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) |
Trunk fat | 0.52 (0.12–0.78)* (n = 27) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.56 (0.13–0.82)* (n = 21) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.30 (−0.68–0.89) (n = 6) Hopkins N et al. (2012) |
Extremity skin fold (cm) | 0.54 (−0.39–0.92) (n = 21) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | – | |
Trunk to extremity ratio | 0.48 (−0.30–0.88) (n = 21) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | – | |
Weight (kg) | 0.67 (0.48–0.79)*** (n = 73) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.73 (0.47–0.88)*** (n = 33) Poehlam A et al. (1987) Koenigstorfer J et al. (2011) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hainer V et al. (2000) | 0.61 (0.32–0.79)*** (n = 40) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |
Absolute VO2 max (L.min−1) | 0.38 (0.04–0.64)* (n = 42) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.52 (−0.38–0.92) (n = 7) Bouchard C et al. (1994) | 0.36 (−0.01–0.64) (n = 35) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |
Relative VO2 max (mL.min−1.kg−1) | 0.39 (0.07–0.64)* (n = 48) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Bouchard C et al. (1994) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) | 0.48 (−0.43–0.91) (n = 7) Bouchard C et al. (1994) | 0.38 (0.04–0.64)* (n = 41) Hopkins N et al. (2012) Hamel P et al. (1986) Prud’Homme D et al. (1984) Afman G et al. (1988) |