Study | 1. Was the group allocation randomized? | 2. Do baseline characteristics suggest a successful randomization? | 3. Were participants blinded to their group allocation? | 4. Were investigators blinded to participants’ group allocation? | 5. Were gold-standard methods used to measure outcomes? | 6. Were the methods used to measure outcomes appropriate? | 7. Was an appropriate statistical analysis used? | 8. Were data for outcomes available for most participants? | 9. Were missing data similar between groups? | 10. Were data for all outcomes reported? | 11. Was a statistical correction for multiple outcomes performed? | 12. Was an appropriate sample size calculation performed? | 13. Was the study registered beforehand? | Overall risk of bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alizadeh et al. [49] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | High (6) |
Blonc et al. [50]a | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Boussetta et al. [51] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (8) |
Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Moderate (4) | |
Brooker et al. [54] | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | NA | Yes | NA | No | Yes | High (6) |
Brooker et al. [55] | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | Yes | Moderate (4) |
Chiang et al. [56] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | High (6) |
Chtourou et al. [57]ª | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (8) |
Chtourou et al. [58]ª | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Chtourou et al. [59]ª | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Ferchichi et al. [60] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Gueldich et al. [61] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Krčmárová et al. [62] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (8) |
Saidi et al. [63] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (8) |
Savikj et al. [64] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | No | No | High (7) |
Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) | |
Sedliak et al. [68] | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Silva et al. [69] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | No | No | High (7) |
Souissi et al. [70]ª | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (6) |
Souissi et al. [71] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |
Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate (4) | |
Zbidi et al. [74]ª | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | Yes | No | No | No | High (7) |