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Table 7 Analysis of sex differences

From: Exertional Heat Stroke and Rhabdomyolysis: A Medical Record Review and Patient Perspective on Management and Long-Term Symptoms

 

Male (n = 42)

Female (n = 18)

P-value

EHS (n (%))

35 (83)

12 (67)

0.18

ERM (n (%))

7 (17)

6 (33)

0.18

Age at event (years)

33 (19–65)

36 (19–57)

0.97

BMI (kg/m2)

23.8 (20.2–31.1)

22 (18–25)

0.006

 Exercise type and symptom onset

   

  Running (n)

28

12

0.77

   Distance (km)

15.5 (4.0–42.2)

20.0 (5.0–41.1)

0.28

   Time (min)

60 (15–360)

75 (20–500)

0.14

  Military exercise (n)

7

1

0.41

  Other activities (n)*

6

6

0.15

 Tbody (°C)

40.4 (36.8–42.1)

40.4 (37.1–42.7)

0.38

 Peak CK (IU/L)

1971 (129–1,502,600)

10,9783 (132–75,720)

0.19

Symptoms (n)

Yes

No

NR

Yes

No

NR

 

 Amnesia

9

1

32

3

2

13

0.24

 Ataxia

19

18

5

12

6

–

0.38

 Collapse

34

8

–

10

7

1

0.10

 Confusion

13

1

28

4

2

12

0.20

 Hyperactive state

5

1

36

1

2

15

0.22

 Hypoactive state

8

2

32

2

2

14

0.52

 Seizure

5

26

11

4

11

3

0.44

 Myalgia

25

11

6

13

3

2

0.51

 Muscle cramps

25

15

2

12

4

2

0.53

 Muscle swelling

5

20

17

6

5

7

0.06

 Muscle weakness

20

12

10

10

6

2

1.00

Risk factors (n)

       

 Not acclimatized to heat

22

15

5

11

7

–

1.00

 Peer pressure

11

31

–

5

13

–

1.00

 Sleep deprivation

10

32

–

1

17

–

0.15

 Unaccustomed exercise

5

36

1

1

17

–

0.67

 Improper fluid intake

7

35

–

3

15

–

1.00

Sequelae after 6 months (n) (n = 57)

22

16

3

12

4

–

0.08

 Subjective heat intolerance

16

22

3

12

4

–

0.038

 Muscle symptoms at rest

10

30

1

5

11

–

0.74

 Muscle symptoms during exercise

9

32

–

7

9

–

0.12

 CNS dysfunction

6

34

1

5

11

–

0.26

Sequelae after 12 months (n) (n = 43)

12

19

–

9

3

–

0.045

 Subjective heat intolerance

10

21

–

9

3

–

0.017

 Muscle symptoms at rest

7

23

1

4

8

–

0.70

 Muscle symptoms during exercise

5

25

1

6

6

–

0.049

 CNS dysfunction

3

28

–

2

10

–

0.60

Questionnaire scores

       

 CIS

       

  Fatigue

19 (8–56)

29 (8–56)

 

  Concentration

12 (5–33)

16 (5–33)

 

  Motivation

8 (4–25)

10 (4–23)

 

  Activity

4 (2–15)

6 (2–14)

 

  Total score

47 (20–124)

68 (20–127)

 

   > 76 (n (%))

13

5

1.00

 HADS

   

  Anxiety

3 (0–12)

6 (0–16)

 

   > 8 (n (%))

4

4

0.21

   > 11 (n (%))

1

1

0.50

  Depression

1 (0–12)

2 (0–16)

 

   > 8 (n (%))

5

2

1.00

   > 11 (n (%))

2

1

1.00

 SF-36*

   

  MCS

46.1 ± 11.2

49.1 ± 9.7

0.26

  PCS

51.3 ± 9.3

54.3 ± 8.0

0.23

  1. BMI Body mass index; cm Centimeters; CIS Checklist individual strength; CK Creatine kinase; EHS Exertional heatstroke; ERM Exertional rhabdomyolysis; HADS Hospital anxiety and depression score; MCS Mental component score; PCS Physical component score; NR Not reported; SF-36 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; Tbody Body temperature
  2. *Depicted as mean ± SD