Study | Group; EM (AEM) | Study characteristics | Patient characteristics | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Country; study design; journal | Sample size (analysed); male percentage; age; baseline diameter | LVEF; VO2 peak; NYHA | ||
Anagnostakou et al. [38] | IG; CE (HIIT) | Greece; randomised; J Card Fail | 14 (14); 79%; 54.0 ± 10.0 y; 4.50 ± 0.50 mm (brachial) | 39.0 ± 11.0%; 15.7 ± 6.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; 5 (I), 7 (II), and 2 (III) |
IG$; AE (HIIT) | 14 (14); 86%; 52.0 ± 11.0 y; 4.40 ± 0.50 mm (brachial) | 36.0 ± 13.0%; 15.7 ± 4.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; 3 (I), 10 (II), and 1 (III) | ||
Angadi et al. [39] | IG; AE (HIIT) | USA; randomised; J Appl Physiol | 9 (9); 89%; 69.0 ± 6.1 y; NR (brachial) | 65.0 ± 5.0%*; 19.2 ± 5.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; II-III (IC) |
IG$; AE (MIT) | 6 (6); 67%; 71.5 ± 11.7 y; NR (brachial) | 66.0 ± 4.0%*; 16.9 ± 3.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; II-III (IC) | ||
Belardinelli et al. [40] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil | 30 (30); 100%; 55.1 ± 14.0 y; NR (brachial) | 30.2 ± 7.0%; 14.8 ± 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 17 (II) and 13 (III) |
CG; NA | 22 (22); 100%; 53.1 ± 15.0 y; NR (brachial) | 33.6 ± 8.0%; 15.8 ± 2.1 ml·kg−1·min−1; 12 (II) and 10 (III) | ||
Belardinelli et al. [41] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; Int J Cardiol | 30 (30); 100%; 55.9 ± 15.0 y; NR (brachial) | 29.3 ± 6.0%; 16.8 ± 3.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; 18 (II) and 12 (III) |
CG; NA | 29 (29); 100%; 58.0 ± 12.0 y; NR (brachial) | 28.1 ± 5.0%; 15.9 ± 1.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 15 (II) and 14 (III) | ||
Belardinelli et al. [42] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; Circ Heart Fail | 44 (44); 86%; 59.0 ± 10.0 y; NR (brachial) | 35.0 ± 8.0%; 16.5 ± 4.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 31 (II) and 13 (III) |
CG; NA | 42 (42); 83%; 58.0 ± 10.0 y; NR (brachial) | 37.0 ± 8.0%; 16.1 ± 4.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 29 (II) and 13 (III) | ||
Benda et al. [43] | IG; AE (HIIT) | Netherlands; non-randomised; PloS One | 10 (10); 90%; 63.0 ± 8.0 y; 4.40 ± 0.90 mm (brachial) 6.70 ± 1.10 mm (femoral) | 37.0 ± 6.0%; 19.1 ± 4.1 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 2 (III) |
IG$; AE (MIT) | 10 (10); 100%; 64.0 ± 8.0 y; 4.50 ± 0.50 mm (brachial) 7.10 ± 1.20 mm (femoral) | 38.0 ± 6.0%; 21.0 ± 3.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 2 (III) | ||
CG; NA | 9 (9); 56%; 67.0 ± 7.0 y; 4.10 ± 0.80 mm (brachial) 6.20 ± 1.00 mm (femoral) | 40.0 ± 11.0%; 17.4 ± 5.8 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 1 (III) | ||
Eleuteri et al. [44] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; Biomarkers | 11 (11); 100%; 66.0 ± 6.6 y; 4.40 ± 0.30 mm (brachial) | 28.0 ± 7.0%; 14.8 ± 2.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; 11 (II) |
CG; NA | 10 (10); 100%; 63.0 ± 6.3 y; 4.40 ± 0.30 mm (brachial) | 30.0 ± 5.7%; 16.7 ± 1.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; 10 (II) | ||
Erbs et al. [45] | IG; AE (MIT) | Germany; randomised; Circ Heart Fail | 18 (17); 100%; 60.0 ± 11.0 y; NR (radial) | 24.1 ± 5.1%; 15.3 ± 3.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; 18 (III) |
CG; NA | 19 (17); 100%; 62.0 ± 10.0 y; NR (radial) | 25.0 ± 4.3%; 15.4 ± 3.8 ml·kg−1·min−1; 19 (III) | ||
Giannattasio et al. [46] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; Hypertension | 11 (11); NR (MS); NR; 2.90 ± 0.33 mm (radial) | 32.9 ± 11.3%; NR; NR (I), NR (II), and NR (III) |
CG; NA | 11 (11); NR (MS); NR; 2.50 ± 0.33 mm (radial) | 32.2 ± 2.3%; NR; NR (I), NR (II), and NR (III) | ||
Guazzi et al. [47] | IG; AE (MIT) | Italy; randomised; J Appl Physiol | 16 (16); 100%; 52.0 ± 5.0 y; NR (brachial) | 34.3 ± 3.3%; 17.1 ± 2.8 ml·kg−1·min−1; 11 (II) and 5 (III) |
CG; NA | 15 (15); 100%; 54.0 ± 4.0 y; NR (brachial) | 35.5 ± 3.7%; 16.5 ± 2.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; 10 (II) and 5 (III) | ||
Isaksen et al. (48) | IG; AE (HIIT) | Norway; non-randomised; Eur J Prev Cardiol | 24 (24); 88%; 65.0 ± 9.0 y; 3.63 ± 0.82 mm (brachial) | 37.6 ± 10.9%; 17.4 ± 4.6 ml·kg−1·min−1; 4 (I), 18 (II), and 2 (III) |
CG; NA | 11 (11); 100%; 69.0 ± 9.0 y; 3.94 ± 0.61 mm (brachial) | 30.0 ± 8.1%; 16.9 ± 2.8 ml·kg−1·min−1; 11 (II) | ||
Kitzman et al. [49] | IG; AE (MIT) | USA; randomised; J Am Coll Cardiol | 32 (23); 28%; 70.0 ± 7.0 y; 4.17 ± 0.91 mm (brachial) | 58.0 ± 6.0%*; 14.2 ± 2.8 ml·kg−1·min−1; 15 (II) and 17 (III) |
CG; NA | 31 (22); 20%; 70.0 ± 7.0 y; 4.13 ± 0.87 mm (brachial) | 56.0 ± 5.0%*; 14.0 ± 3.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; 17 (II) and 14 (III) | ||
Kobayashi et al. [50] | IG; AE (MIT) | Japan; randomised; Circ J | 14 (14); 86%; 55.0 ± 7.5 y; 4.53 ± 0.64 mm (brachial) 2.76 ± 0.60 mm (tibial) | 29.0 ± 7.5%; 18.0 ± 4.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; 10 (II) and 4 (III) |
CG; NA | 14 (14); 57%; 62.0 ± 7.5 y; 4.16 ± 0.82 mm (brachial) 2.66 ± 0.52 mm (tibial) | 33.0 ± 7.5%; 13.7 ± 3.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 6 (III) | ||
Linke et al. [51] | IG; AE (MIT) | Germany; randomised; J Am Coll Cardiol | 11 (11); 100%; 58.0 ± 6.6 y; 3.42 ± 0.12 mm (radial) | 26.0 ± 9.9%; 16.0 ± 4.0 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 3 (III) |
CG; NA | 11 (11); 100%; 59.0 ± 10.0 y; 2.99 ± 0.13 mm (radial) | 24.0 ± 6.6%; 16.9 ± 4.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 3 (III) | ||
Munch et al. [52] | IG; RE (NA) | Denmark; randomised; J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev | 12 (12); 83%; 59.0 ± 10.4 y; 5.99 ± 0.90 mm (femoral) | ≤ 40% (IC); 23.0 ± 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 2 (I) and 10 (II) |
IG$;AE (MIT) | 14 (13); 86%; 63.0 ± 11.2 y; 6.17 ± 1.01 mm (femoral) | ≤ 40% (IC); 22.0 ± 3.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; 4 (I) and 10 (II) | ||
Sales et al. [53] | IG; AE (HIIT) | Brazil; randomised; Circ Heart Fail | 11 (9); 64%; 55.0 ± 7.6 y; 4.20 ± 0.50 mm (brachial) | 27.8 ± 9.5%; 17.9 ± 3.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; 6 (II) and 5 (III) |
IG$; AE (MIT) | 11 (10); 64%; 59.5 ± 7.0 y; 4.00 ± 0.80 mm (brachial) | 31.3 ± 6.1%; 16.9 ± 1.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; 9 (II) and 2 (III) | ||
CG; NA | 8 (8); 75%; 56.1 ± 7.0 y; 4.20 ± 0.70 mm (brachial) | 25.8 ± 8.1%; 15.7 ± 3.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 4 (II) and 4 (III) | ||
Sandri et al. [54] | ≤ 55 y: IG; AE (MIT) | Germany; randomised; Eur J Prev Cardiol | 15 (15); 80%; 50.0 ± 5.0 y; NR (radial) | 27.0 ± 6.0%; 13.3 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 7 (III) |
≤ 55 y: CG; NA | 15 (15); 87%; 49.0 ± 5.0 y; NR (radial) | 28.0 ± 5.0%; 13.6 ± 1.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; 9 (II) and 6 (III) | ||
≥ 65 y: IG; AE (MIT) | 15 (15); 80%; 72.0 ± 4.0 y; NR (radial) | 29.0 ± 6.0%; 12.9 ± 1.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; 7 (II) and 8 (III) | ||
≥ 65 y: CG; NA | 15 (15); 80%; 72.0 ± 3.0 y; NR (radial) | 28.0 ± 6.0%; 13.1 ± 1.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 8 (II) and 7 (III) | ||
Turri-Silva et al. [55] | IG; RE (NA) | Norway; randomised; PloS One | 6 (6); 67%; 55.0 ± 10.9 y; 4.38 ± 0.58 mm (brachial) | 42.2 ± 13.5%*; 16.9 ± 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 2 (I), 3 (II), and 1 (III) |
IG$; AE (HIIT) | 8 (5); 63%; 60.9 ± 9.7 y; 4.54 ± 1.09 mm (brachial) | 50.4 ± 17.0%*; 17.5 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; 3 (I), 3 (II), and 2 (III) | ||
CG; NA | 8 (4); 88%; 56.0 ± 9.7 y; 4.36 ± 1.17 mm (brachial) | 46.8 ± 14.4%*; 16.9 ± 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; 5 (I), 2 (II), and 1 (III) | ||
Van Craenenbroeck et al. [56] | IG; AE (MIT) | Belgium; non-randomised; Basic Res Cardiol | 21 (21); 86%; 61.3 ± 10.1 y; 4.81 ± 0.14 mm (brachial) | 27.0 ± 8.7%; 18.3 ± 6.4 ml·kg−1·min−1; NR (2.3 ± 0.5) |
CG; NA | 17 (17); 71%; 63.4 ± 12.4 y; 4.50 ± 0.50 mm (brachial) | 31.3 ± 7.0%; 21.3 ± 8.7 ml·kg−1·min−1; NR (2.0 ± 0.4) | ||
Wisløff et al. [57] | IG; AE (HIIT) | Norway; randomised; Circulation | 9 (9); 78%; 76.5 ± 9.0 y; NR (brachial) | 28.0 ± 7.3%; 13.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1; NR |
IG$; AE (MIT) | 8 (8); 78%; 74.4 ± 12.0 y; NR (brachial) | 32.8 ± 4.8%; 13.0 ± 1.1 ml·kg−1·min−1; NR | ||
CG; NA | 9 (9); 67%; 75.5 ± 13.0 y; NR (brachial) | 26.2 ± 8.0%; 13.2 ± 1.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; NR | ||
Zaky et al. [58] | IG; AE (HIIT) | Egypt; randomised; Biosci Res | 20 (20); 100%; 54.0 ± 2.7 y; 4.13 ± 0.26 mm (brachial) | 37.0 ± 1.9%; NR; II-III (IC) |
IG$;AE (MIT) | 20 (20); 100%; 52.8 ± 11.6 y; 4.13 ± 0.27 mm (brachial) | 37.5 ± 3.1%; NR; II-III (IC) |