Associations of Prolonged Occupational Sitting with the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: Results from a Cohort of a Half-Million Asian Adults

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Table 7 Incident risk of chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and lower eGFR for the participants with two visits by occupational sedentary status

Non-CKD to CKD	Mostly sitting				Often alternating sitting and standing				Mostly standing			Using all of your major muscles
Non-CKD to CKD	N	n of CKD incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of CKD incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of CKD incidence	HR	N	n of CKD incidence	HR	(95% CI)
CKD incidence	104,749	4745	1.02	(0.95, 1.10)	48,790	2504	0.99	(0.92, 1.08)	16,597	1004	1.00	4230	252	0.92	(0.80, 1.06)

Non-CKD to proteinuria	Mostly sitting				Often alternating sitting and standing				Mostly standing			Using all of your major muscles
Non-CKD to proteinuria	N	n of proteinuria incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of proteinuria incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of proteinuria incidence	HR	N	n of proteinuria incidence	HR	(95% CI)
Proteinuria incidence	104,749	3401	0.94	(0.86, 1.03)	48,790	1837	0.95	(0.87, 1.04)	16,597	714	1.00	4230	179	0.84	(0.71, 1.00)

Non-CKD to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²	Mostly sitting				Often alternating sitting and standing				Mostly standing			Using all of your major muscles
Non-CKD to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m²	N	n of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² incidence	HR	(95% CI)	N	n of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² incidence	HR	N	n of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² incidence	HR	(95% CI)
Lower eGFR	104,749	1478	1.25	(1.09, 1.44)	48,790	713	1.10	(0.95, 1.27)	16,597	319	1.00	4230	77	1.11	(0.86, 1.45)

HR adjusted for age, sex, education levels, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, long-term use of painkiller, long-term use of Chinese herbal medicine, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and physical activity
A total of 174,366 people with data on two visits and no CKD at the first visit. Of these people, a total of 8505 people developed CKD at the second visit; 6131 people had proteinuria at the second visit; 2587 had an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² at the second visit
eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD Chronic kidney disease; HR Hazard ratio; CI Confidence interval