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Table 1 Characteristics of participants by occupational sedentary status

From: Associations of Prolonged Occupational Sitting with the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: Results from a Cohort of a Half-Million Asian Adults

 

Total

Mostly sitting

Often alternating sitting and standing

Mostly standing

Using all of your major muscles

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

Total

455,506

(100.0)

265,948

(58.4)

129,035

(28.3)

48,016

(10.5)

12,507

(2.7)

Age (year)

          

 20–39

268,090

(58.9)

162,544

(61.1)

74,897

(58.0)

24,140

(50.3)

6509

(52.0)

 40–59

141,074

(31.0)

77,238

(29.0)

41,171

(31.9)

17,844

(37.2)

4821

(38.5)

 ≥ 60

46,342

(10.2)

26,166

(9.8)

12,967

(10.0)

6032

(12.6)

1177

(9.4)

Sex

          

 Men

228,913

(50.3)

124,217

(46.7)

62,126

(48.1)

31,846

(66.3)

10,724

(85.7)

 Women

226,593

(49.7)

141,731

(53.3)

66,909

(51.9)

16,170

(33.7)

1783

(14.3)

Education

          

 Middle school or below

92,294

(20.5)

35,338

(13.5)

33,539

(26.4)

18,112

(38.5)

5305

(43.3)

 High school

95,250

(21.2)

42,045

(16.0)

35,745

(28.1)

12,971

(27.5)

4489

(36.6)

 Junior college

92,721

(20.6)

55,443

(21.1)

28,208

(22.2)

7588

(16.1)

1482

(12.1)

 College or above

168,990

(37.6)

129,850

(49.4)

29,732

(23.4)

8427

(17.9)

981

(8.0)

Smoking status

          

 Non-smoker

313,468

(70.8)

196,932

(75.9)

85,110

(68.3)

26,359

(56.9)

5067

(41.8)

 Ex-smoker

27,956

(6.3)

15,223

(5.9)

7535

(6.0)

3991

(8.6)

1207

(10.0)

 Current smoker

101,202

(22.9)

47,424

(18.3)

31,921

(25.6)

16,015

(34.5)

5842

(48.2)

Drinking status

          

 Non-drinker

349,205

(80.1)

214,758

(83.8)

96,040

(78.3)

31,508

(69.4)

6899

(58.0)

 Occasional drinker

49,323

(11.3)

24,878

(9.7)

15,057

(12.3)

7077

(15.6)

2311

(19.4)

 Regular drinker

37,638

(8.6)

16,635

(6.5)

11,512

(9.4)

6801

(15.0)

2690

(22.6)

BMI (kg/m2)

          

 < 18.5

38,441

(8.4)

24,464

(9.2)

10,233

(7.9)

3153

(6.6)

591

(4.7)

 18.5–24.9

291,131

(63.9)

171,603

(64.5)

81,743

(63.4)

30,198

(62.9)

7587

(60.7)

 25–29.9

106,094

(23.3)

58,729

(22.1)

31,256

(24.2)

12,422

(25.9)

3687

(29.5)

 ≥ 30

19,718

(4.3)

11,057

(4.2)

5784

(4.5)

2236

(4.7)

641

(5.1)

Hypertension

          

 No

374,557

(82.2)

221,436

(83.3)

105,172

(81.5)

38,108

(79.4)

9841

(78.7)

 Yes

80,949

(17.8)

44,512

(16.7)

23,863

(18.5)

9908

(20.6)

2666

(21.3)

Diabetes

          

 No

433,111

(95.1)

253,040

(95.1)

122,805

(95.2)

45,443

(94.6)

11,823

(94.5)

 Yes

22,395

(4.9)

12,908

(4.9)

6230

(4.8)

2573

(5.4)

684

(5.5)

Hyperlipidemia

          

 No

402,866

(88.5)

235,668

(88.6)

113,907

(88.3)

42,216

(88.0)

11075

(88.6)

 Yes

52,519

(11.5)

30,236

(11.4)

15,087

(11.7)

5,770

(12.0)

1426

(11.4)

Painkiller use

          

 No

441,053

(97.9)

258,794

(98.2)

124,724

(97.6)

45,520

(97.2)

12,015

(96.9)

 Yes

9425

(2.1)

4631

(1.8)

3081

(2.4)

1327

(2.8)

386

(3.1)

Chinese herbal medicine use

          

 No

417,779

(91.9)

245,176

(92.4)

118,073

(91.7)

43,400

(90.9)

11,130

(89.1)

 Yes

36,583

(8.1)

20,179

(7.6)

10,670

(8.3)

4368

(9.1)

1366

(10.9)

Physical activity

          

 Inactive

225,410

(49.5)

124,624

(46.9)

66,060

(51.2)

27,272

(56.8)

7454

(59.6)

 Low

120,192

(26.4)

76,418

(28.7)

32,390

(25.1)

9428

(19.6)

1956

(15.6)

 Medium

68,455

(15.0)

42,234

(15.9)

18,905

(14.7)

5921

(12.3)

1395

(11.2)

 High

25,938

(5.7)

14,990

(5.6)

7375

(5.7)

2852

(5.9)

721

(5.8)

 Very high

15,511

(3.4)

7682

(2.9)

4305

(3.3)

2543

(5.3)

981

(7.8)

Proteinuria

          

 Negative

427,343

(93.8)

250,365

(94.1)

120,707

(93.5)

44,699

(93.1)

11,572

(92.5)

 Trace

22,391

(4.9)

12,222

(4.6)

6784

(5.3)

2654

(5.5)

731

(5.8)

 1+

3587

(0.8)

2107

(0.8)

961

(0.7)

397

(0.8)

122

(1.0)

 2+

1387

(0.3)

812

(0.3)

351

(0.3)

179

(0.4)

45

(0.4)

 3+ or more

798

(0.2)

442

(0.2)

232

(0.2)

87

(0.2)

37

(0.3)

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

          

 > 60

438,899

(96.4)

255,718

(96.2)

124,942

(96.8)

46,173

(96.2)

12,066

(96.5)

 ≤ 60

16,607

(3.6)

10,230

(3.8)

4093

(3.2)

1843

(3.8)

441

(3.5)

CKD

          

 None-CKD

414,139

(90.9)

242,286

(91.1)

117,419

(91.0)

43,213

(90.0)

11,221

(89.7)

 Stage 1

10,447

(2.3)

5639

(2.1)

3329

(2.6)

1140

(2.4)

339

(2.7)

 Stage 2

14,313

(3.1)

7793

(2.9)

4194

(3.3)

1820

(3.8)

506

(4.0)

 Stage 3–5

16,607

(3.6)

10,230

(3.8)

4093

(3.2)

1843

(3.8)

441

(3.5)

  1. N Number of participants; BMI Body mass index; eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD Chronic kidney disease