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Table 4 Associations of conventional PA and WIPAB variables with HbA1c and the Quicki index, respectively

From: Associations Between Wearable-Specific Indicators of Physical Activity Behaviour and Insulin Sensitivity and Glycated Haemoglobin in the General Population: Results from the ORISCAV-LUX 2 Study

 

HbA1c

Quicki index

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Conventional variables

Time spent in SB† (h/day)

0.39 (0.20, 0.58)*

0.27 (0.08, 0.46)*

0.06 (− 0.16, 0.29)

− 0.06 (− 0.07, − 0.04)*

− 0.04 (− 0.05,− 0.03)*

− 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.02)*

Time spent in MVPA (h/day)

− 0.09 (− 0.14, − 0.05)*

− 0.02 (− 0.07, 0.02)

− 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.03)

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)*

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)*

0.00 (0.00, 0.01)*

Average acceleration (mg)†

− 0.08 (− 0.12, − 0.04)*

− 0.19 (− 0.06, 0.02)

− 0.08 (− 0.05, 0.03)

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)*

0.01 (0.01, 0.01)*

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)*

WIPAB

Activity intensity

Intensity gradient

− 0.52 (− 0.64, − 0.39)*

− 0.19 (− 0.33, − 0.06)*

− 0.08 (− 0.22, 0.05)

0.04 (0.03, 0.05)*

0.03 (0.03, 0.04)*

0.02 (0.01, 0.03)*

M8 (mg)†

− 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.02)*

− 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.00)

− 0.00 (− 0.02, 0.01)

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)*

0.00 (0.00, 0.01)*

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)*

M0.25 (mg)†

− 0.01 (− 0.01, − 0.01)*

− 0.00 (− 0.01, − 0.00)*

− 0.00 (− 0.00, 0.00)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)*

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)*

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)*

Accumulation pattern

PLE alpha SB

− 0.26 (− 0.38, − 0.14)*

− 0.03 (− 0.15, 0.09)

0.01 (− 0.10, 0.13)

0.02 (0.02, 0.03)*

0.02 (0.01, 0.03)*

0.01 (0.00, 0.02)*

PLE alpha MVPA††

0.56 (− 0.25, 1.36)

0.40 (− 0.34, 1.14)

− 0.08 (− 0.82, 0.66)

− 0.05 (− 0.10, − 0.01)*

− 0.06 (− 0.10, − 0.01)*

0.00 (− 0.04, 0.04)

Proportions (%)

      

 SB > 60 min

0.56 (0.31, 0.82)*

0.12 (− 0.14, 0.37)

− 0.07 (− 0.32, 0.18)

− 0.06 (− 0.08, − 0.05)*

− 0.04 (− 0.06, − 0.02)*

− 0.02 (− 0.03, 0.00)*

 MVPA > 10 min

− 0.18 (− 0.34, − 0.03)*

− 0.19 (− 0.33, − 0.04)*

− 0.08 (− 0.22, 0.06)

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)*

0.04 (0.02, 0.05)*

0.02 (0.01, 0.03)*

Gini index SB

0.84 (0.44, 1.25)*

0.25 (− 0.15, 0.64)

− 0.01 (− 0.40, 0.38)

− 0.09 (− 0.12, − 0.06)*

− 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.03)*

− 0.02 (− 0.04, 0.01)

Temporal correlation and regularity in the time series

Scaling exponent alpha

 < 90 min

− 0.33 (− 0.64, − 0.03)*

− 0.42 (− 0.70, − 0.14)*

− 0.25 (− 0.53, 0.03)

0.06 (0.04, 0.08)*

0.06 (0.04, 0.08)*

0.04 (0.02, 0.06)*

 > 120 min

0.25 (0.06, 0.45)*

0.07 (− 0.11, 0.26)

0.02 (− 0.18, 0.21)

− 0.02 (− 0.03, 0.00)*

− 0.02 (− 0.03, 0.00)*

− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)

Autocorrelation (lag 24 h)

1.00 (0.49, 1.51)*

0.26 (− 0.24, 0.76)

0.35 (− 0.16, 0.85)

0.00 (− 0.04, 0.03)

0.00 (− 0.04, 0.03)

0.00 (− 0.04, 0.03)

LZC

− 0.66 (− 1.37, 0.05)

0.09 (− 0.59, 0.78)

− 0.08 (− 0.78, 0.61)

0.14 (0.09, 0.19)*

0.07 (0.03, 0.12)*

0.07 (0.03, 0.12)*

Sample entropy††

− 5.56 (− 8.92, − 2.21)*

− 5.15 (− 8.26, − 2.04)*

− 4.73 (− 7.77, − 1.69)*

0.28 (0.04, 0.51)*

0.30 (0.07, 0.53)*

0.22 (0.03, 0.42)*

Symbolic dynamics 2UV (%)

5.73 (3.46, 8.01)*

2.64 (0.37, 4.91)*

0.34 (− 1.98, 2.67)

− 0.32 (− 0.48, − 0.16)*

− 0.40 (− 0.56, − 0.23)*

− 0.15 (− 0.30, 0.00)*

  1. Values are presented as coefficients (95% CI), which were calculated according to Rubin’s rule. All models were performed with imputed data
  2. Model 1: unadjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: model 2 further adjusted for income, education, alcohol consumption, smoking status, total sleep duration, depression and BMI
  3. HbA1c glycated haemoglobin; LZC Lempel–Ziv complexity; MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity; M8 the average acceleration above which the most active 8 h of the day were accumulated; M0.25 the average acceleration above which the most active 15 min of the day were accumulated; PLE power law exponent; Proportions proportion of total time (SB time or MVPA time, respectively) accumulated in bouts longer than a certain bout length; SB sedentary behaviour; and 2UV two unlike variations
  4. †Variable scaled by dividing by 10
  5. †† Variables scaled by dividing by 100
  6. * p value < 0.050
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