Fig. 2

Meta-analyses of trunk kinematics in individuals with knee OA compared to controls. Trunk kinematics in the sagittal plane during walking (A), sit-to-stand (B), and stepping tasks (C). Trunk kinematics in the frontal plane during walking (D) and sit-to-stand (E). Trunk kinematics in the transverse plane during walking (F). (1) varus OA group, (2) valgus OA group, (3) mild OA group, (4) moderate OA group, (5) C-TST OA group, (6) IC-STS OA, (7) SI-STS OA group, (8) less severe OA group, (9) more severe OA group, (10) group with unilateral pain and radiographic knee OA, (11) group with unilateral pain and bilateral radiographic knee OA, (12) group with bilateral pain and radiographic knee OA, (13) mild OA group, (14) moderate OA group, (15) severe OA group, (16) group with unilateral OA pain, (17) group with bilateral OA pain. HQ high quality, MQ moderate quality, OA osteoarthritis, KL Kellgren–Lawrence grade. ^† Groups divided considering different magnitudes of compensation strategies while performing the task