Table 1 Overview of common determinants of eating behaviours utilizing the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour system, with descriptions and examples
Coding | Determinant | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
Capability | Nutrition knowledge | Nutrition knowledge is the awareness and ability to apply nutrition information when choosing foods [6] | Knowledge of nutrient and energy content of food Knowledge of nutrient and energy requirements Dieting due to perceived effects on performance and/or body composition |
Motivation | Nutrition beliefs | Nutrition beliefs are related to perceived abilities and consequences [15] | Willingness to spend time and effort to prepare food Belief that eating a certain food will improve performance Batch cooking ahead of time |
Capability | Cooking, food management, and food safety skills | The ability to access, select, purchase, prepare, and preserve food [5] | Ability to efficiently navigate a grocery store Ability to batch cook Ability to cook food to proper internal temperature Ability to store food safely |
Capability and opportunity | Homeostatic hunger | Homeostatic hunger is a complex physiological feedback process that signals the need for food [57] | Energy balance Energy density of food consumed Volume of food consumed Macronutrient profile of food consumed |
Capability and opportunity | Hedonic hunger | Hedonic hunger links food with pleasure while interacting with the homeostatic hunger system [57, 58] | Taste and preferences Aesthetic presentation of food |
Opportunity | Social, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors | Social, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors are extrinsic factors altering food availability and autonomy | Financial constraints Customs and traditions Exposure to marketing Religious food restrictions Ethical food restrictions Access to cooking facilities and equipment Access to safe food storage |
Capability, opportunity, and motivation | Food availability | Food availability is the access to foods in sufficient quantities at appropriate times | Access to protein-containing foods immediately following training Access to carbohydrate-containing foods in appropriate quantities |
Capability, opportunity, and motivation | Clinical factors | Clinical factors are intrinsic factors that can influence nutrient and energy requirements, or add barriers to eating behaviours | Eating Disorders/Disordered Eating Metabolic conditions Allergies and Intolerances Gastrointestinal issues |